In the framework of the development of fusion energy, one of the most prominent technologies arising to address the issues of tritium breeding and power conversion is the Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead (WCLL). This technology utilizes a molten eutectic alloy of Lithium and Lead which circulates inside the Breeding Blanket (BB) and is irradiated with neutrons to produce tritium. Water is then circulated inside the system to cool the components. The simultaneous presence inside critical areas of the reactor of molten metal alloy and water, at high temperature and pressure, poses significant safety concerns. For this reason, adequate design and analysis techniques are required to ensure the ability of the system to survive and mitigate any possible damage in case of the in-box Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), the most critical postulated accidental scenario. With this aim in mind, a novel approach was implemented with the aim of coupling the SIMMER-III code and the ANSYS Mechanical code for the modelling of both the chemical and thermodynamical interactions between water and the alloy, and the resulting effects on the structures. This work presents the status of the coupling technique development and the results of the preliminary validation activities performed against experimental data provided by the LIFUS5 facility operating at ENEA Brasimone Research Centre. The resulting comparison between these data and the codes’ predictions allows a careful evaluation of the errors introduced in each step of the chain. Moreover, it provides confidence in the capacity of the methodology to correctly predict the ability of the structures to withstand incidental loads without suffering extensive damage.

This work aims at providing engineers with a usable and powerful tool that allows for the safety analysis of WCLL-based components during the early stages of the design phase. This would help save time, and effort and reduce the economic cost that might arise from any undetected issue propagating downstream the design process.

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In the framework of the development of fusion energy, one of the most prominent technologies arising to address the issues of tritium breeding and power conversion is the Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead (WCLL). This technology utilizes a molten eutectic alloy of Lithium and Lead which circulates inside the Breeding Blankets (BB) and is irradiated with neutrons to produce tritium. Water is then circulated inside the system to cool the components. The simultaneous presence inside critical areas of the reactor of molten metal alloys and water, at high temperature and pressure, poses significant safety concerns. For this reason, adequate design and analysis techniques are required to ensure the ability of the system to survive and mitigate any possible damage in case of the in-box Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA), the most critical postulated accidental scenario. This work introduces a new methodology for the integral safety analysis of WCLL components, with a particular focus on the WCLL Breeding Blankets, which is based on a fully automated code-chain technique. Its goal is to couple the calculations performed in the fluid domain by the SIMMER-III code, which models the chemical and thermodynamical interactions between the water and the alloy, and the structural simulations performed by the ANSYS code on the mechanical components. The entire process is validated against experimental data provided by the LIFUS5 facility operating at ENEA Brasimone Research Centre. The resulting comparison between these data and codes’ predictions allows a careful evaluation of the errors introduced in each step of the chain. Moreover, it provides confidence in the capacity of the methodology to correctly predict the ability of the structures to withstand incidental loads without suffering extensive damage.

This work aims at providing engineers with a usable and powerful tool that allows for the safety analysis of WCLL-based components during the early stages of the design phase. This would help save time, and effort and reduce the economic cost that might arise from any undetected issue propagating downstream the design process.

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ゲームを開発する上で、どのようなツールを選択するかは、ゲームの完成度や人材収集に大きな影響を与える。 しかしながら、各ゲームで使われているツールは、ツールメーカーが宣伝として使うのでない限り、情報がまとめられることはない。本研究では、CEDEC 2019での講演情報から、どのようなツールの使用頻度の調査を行い、その結果を分析した。

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EnergyPlusとGrasshopperの連携に着手し、一般的なHVACシミュレーション用の3次元モデルを簡単に生成するためのGrasshopperコンポーネントを開発した。初期設計段階における通り芯や2次元図面の情報を利用することで、少ない情報量でのモデル化が可能となった。また、生成したモデルデータからEnergyPlus用の入力データを生成するコンポーネントの開発状況を報告した。

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【目的】VMATの点線量検証を実施するときには，急峻な線量領域を避けて測定する必要がある．そこで適切な測定点評価のために，治療計画装置（TPS）から計算した線量勾配を利用して，ファントム設置誤差に伴う絶対線量測定の不確かさの推定値（ U_plan）を求める手法を提案する．【方法】TPSより，アイソセンタ近傍の点の計画線量値から線量勾配を求め，ファントム設置誤差を見積もり，提案した式を用いて U_planを計算した．続いてタフウォーターファントムと電離箱線量計を用いて，TPSで指定した同一のアイソセンタ近傍の実測線量値から線量勾配を求め， U_planと同様に U_measを算出した．【結果】 U_planと U_measの相関係数は0.984となり，高い相関関係を認めた．また， U_measと U_planの差の平均値は−0.24%となった．これは，電離箱線量計による体積平均効果の影響を受けたことが原因と考えられた．【結語】本法で得られた U_planは，ファントム設置誤差に伴う絶対線量測定の不確かさを反映し，測定点を評価するうえで有用であると考えられた．

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This study aims to develop the Building Information Modeling, BIM, system that enables simulations based on multiple fit between variety of floor plan types and management types in the facility planning, programming, design, and management of hospital wards. In this paper floor plan types of a dispersed nursing base type and a circular corridor type were focused and management types regarding patient placement and nursing travel distance were considered.

The case of the dispersed nursing base floor type consisted of four bed rooms and single bed room, which is still quite common in Japan, whereas the circular corridor floor plan type used only single bed rooms, which is still unique. When patient bed rooms are placed along the corridor, the placement of four single rooms requires the double corridor length compared to the placement of one four bed room. Thus, a unit hall scheme was introduced in the case studied ward floor plan where five single rooms share same unit hall functioning as a one five bed room as a whole.

The management research topic included the differences in the nursing system, patient duty allocation, teaming concept, etc. The paper also refers to the topic of Partnership Nursing System, PNS, in which a pair of two nurses conducts the duty as an equal partner. The analysis looked into the level of equality from the movement distances of two nurses.

The nursing travel survey was conducted in four wards of two hospitals to investigate the relationship between nursing activities and the number of visits to patient rooms. The conventional time study method was used where an investigator followed each nurse to record time, from and to locations, tasks, and goods carried. The factors influencing nursing travel distance and patient placements were analyzed including the nursing necessity index based on seriousness of patients’ illness.

The simulations were carried out to make predictions with optimal and inappropriate versions of patient placements using genetic algorithm, GA. The program was written using Python 3.7 applied on Autodesk Revit as BIM system through Dynamo as Visual Programming Language, VPL.

As the result of these simulations, various fit between the floor type and management type were clarified including the phenomenon that the difference in calculated nursing travel distance was small in the circular corridor floor plan type because the distance between the staff station and patient bed rooms was small under different conditions of patient placements. Also, the equality in PNS was confirmed.

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 A planer graph whose all faces (including the outer faces) are rectangles is called a 2D floor-plan. An algorithm to enumerate 2D floor-plan based on reverse search method has been proposed by Nakano. However, an algorithm to enumerate 3D floor-plan which is consisted of some small cuboids isn't known yet. In this paper, We propose an enumeration algorithm of 3D floor-plan based on reverse search method by extending Nakano's algorithm.
 A reverse search method is an algorithm to enumerate nodes on spanning tree T with root. If we can define root and parent-child relationship between 3D floor-plans well, we can search the 3D floor-plans by depth-first search on T without knowing T itself.
 In all spaces of arbitrary 3D floor-plan S, there is only one space with vertex G of which all X, Y, Z coordinates are maximum. We call this space “n-th space”. If we can remove the n-th space by compressing it along X+ or Y+ or Z+ axis direction, we can get a new 3D floor-plan with n-1 spaces as shown Fig. 3. We define the new 3D floor-plan as parent of S. If we repeat removing n-th space, it must be end up with the 3D floor-plan with one space. We call this 3D floor-plan R₁ and define it as root. As above, we can define T of 3D floor-plan.
 In an opposite process, by pushing n-th space to 3D floor-plan, we propose an algorithm to generate all children of 3D floor-plan. By applying this algorithm recursively from R₁, we can enumerate 3D floor-plan with n spaces. This algorithm is shown in Fig. 8. More detail of this algorithm are given in chapter 3.
 By comparing the numbers of 3D floor-plan between our algorithm and algorithms of precedence research, the algorithm in this paper is confirmed appropriate as shown in Table. 1, 2. Also the numbers of 3D floor-plan enumerated by our algorithm are shown in Table. 3.
 As shown in Fig. 4, there are 3D floor-plan in which it is impossible to remove n-th space. To find an algorithm to enumerate all 3D floor-plan is remained as an open problem.

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