In 1996,H.Sasaki discovered a Sandgaku, mathematical plate, in Hirohata shrine ( 2700,-cho, Mie, Japan). No one was aware of the existence of this mathematical plate until then. In this brief note, I investigate the plate and make clear the structure of the solution given by Murai Chouei, its author.

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Since 2012, the town of

in Mie Prefecture, Japan, has been planning to build an energy circulation system for a sustainable society utilizing forest products or woody biomass. Today, it is necessary to evaluate the current forest conditions in the town of and determine a utilization method for its forest resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current forest conditions in the town of through the lens of forest functions, in other words, services provided by the forests that are highly valued by the public; and to review a forest zoning system method for an effective and sustainable use of the local forest resources. The evaluation standards use data, such as forest structure and management records, as a factor in the evaluation. The result showed that southern areas of the town of had lower evaluation scores compared to the northern and central areas, when the comparison is based on functions of water conservation and mountainous disaster prevention. These results also reveal that the southern areas should be administered preferentially when carrying out forest management activities. Based on the evaluation results and forest zoning system in Mie Prefecture, the forests in the town of were categorized into four new specialized categories which correspond to the forest functions. The study concludes that although there are issues associated with the use of the new approach developed for this study, the methodology is sound, as it can easily be used to produce the desired results.

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Forest resource utilization has been extensively promoted in recent years to encourage forest resource conservation and socioeconomic development. However, the degree of involvement of local people in forest resource utilization varies between communities and between countries, depending on social and policy conditions. To address these concerns, this study compares the involvement of local people in forest utilization in two different communities;

, Japan and Desa Taman Jaya, Indonesia. The study explored the involvement of local people in forest resource utilization by analyzing data on benefits accrued from forests, local values, and forest management through the lens of local people. Data for this study was collected by interviewing targeted members of the communities and by sending questionnaires to randomly selected members in both communities. The study affirmed that there are differences in the levels of community involvement in forest utilization in the two communities. Limited access to forest resources and low educational levels are the cause of heavy dependence on forest resources in Desa Taman Jaya. The reverse is true in , where local people are less dependent on forest resources. One take away from this study is that policy makers can increase local involvement in forest resource utilization by promoting the use of non-timber forest products and ecotourism. Another take away from this study is to consider the concerns of local people through the lens of background knowledge such as age, gender, and education levels, when designing programs to encourage local involvement in forest utilization.

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Oxyyttrobetafite–(Y) is the first member in the betafite group of the pyrochlore supergroup found in albite–rich pegmatite from Souri Valley,

, Mie Prefecture, Japan. This new mineral occurs as small anhedral grains with sizes of 20 to 200 µm in cylinder–shaped aggregates with a substrate of thalénite–(Y) and synchysite–(Y). Small amounts of aeschynite–(Y), thorianite, and thorite are also associated in the same occurrence with oxyyttrobetafite–(Y), and gadolinite–(Y) is also included at the boundary between the aggregate and albite. The physical properties are: brown in color, brittle, transparent, non–fluorescent, vitreous luster, white streak with a Mohs hardness of 5, and a calculated density of 5.54 g·cm⁻³. Oxyyttrobetafite–(Y) is an optically isometric material with brown color under the microscope with a refractive index of n = 2.3 calculated using the Gladstone–Dale relationship. The empirical formula of oxyyttrobetafite–(Y) calculated on the basis of B = 2 with A₂B₂X₆Y composition is (Y_1.58Dy_0.13Yb_0.07Er_0.06Tm_0.05Gd_0.04Ho_0.03Sm_0.02Tb_0.02Eu_0.01Lu_0.01)_Σ2.02
(Ti_1.85Ta_0.09Fe_0.05Sn_0.02Nb_<0.01)_Σ2O_7.05 and leads to the ideal formula of Y₂Ti₂O₆O, which requires TiO₂ 41.44 wt% and Y₂O₃ 58.56 wt%, total 100 wt%. The structure is isometric cubic with the space group Fd3m and unit cell parameters of a = 10.11090(10) Å, V = 1033.64(3) ų, and Z = 8 by single crystal X–ray diffraction measurements. The seven strongest peaks in the powder X–ray diffraction pattern [d in Å (I/I₀) hkl ] were 2.918(100) 222, 2.527(18) 400, 2.321(13) 331, 1.788(53) 440, 1.525(46) 622, 1.162(13) 662, and 1.033(9) 844 with unit cell parameters of a = 10.121(3) Å, V = 1036.6(9) ų, and Z = 8. The crystal structure was refined to R₁ = 0.018 for 159 observed reflections with the criteria of I > 2σ (I ). Oxyyttrobetafite–(Y) is characterized by Y dominance at the A sites, Ti dominance at the B sites, and O dominance at the X and Y sites in the A₂B₂X₆Y pyrochlore–type formula.

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目的：温泉法および環境省が定める鉱泉分析法指針等の関連通知において，温泉水1kg中に30×10⁻¹⁰Ci/kg（8.25マッヘ単位，111Bq/kg）以上のラドンが含まれるとき，療養泉としての放射能泉に該当し，泉質別適応症（浴用）として，高尿酸血症（痛風），関節リウマチ，強直性脊椎炎などを，掲示することができることが規定されている．本研究では，空気中に揮散したラドンの人体への作用に着目し，放射能泉を用いた熱気浴による深部体温，皮膚血流量，主観的感情への影響を検証した．

方法：本実験は，放射能泉を利用した熱気浴室で実施された．熱気浴室内の室温は約38°C，相対湿度は約78%とした。被験者（健常の若年男性 8名）は，40分間の熱気浴を2回行い，その後40分間の後安静を施した．2回の熱気浴は比較的高濃度と低濃度の空気中ラドン（ラドン浴群：約710Bq/m³，対照群：約140Bq/m³）内で行った．熱気浴および浴後における被験者の深部体温，表在温，皮膚血流量，主観的感情（MCL-S.2，VAS，NRS）のそれぞれの変化をモニターし，各介入群の群間比較を行った．

結果および考察：主観的感情（MCL-S.2）の比較の結果，ラドン浴群における熱気浴前後の「快感情」でスコア上昇，VASでは「ストレス感」および「身体の冷え・冷感」スコア低下が，それぞれ有意に認められた．さらに熱気浴により皮膚血流量は有意に増加し，その持続時間が，ラドン浴群が対照群に比べて長いことが示された．これらの結果から，放射能泉を用いた熱気浴による血行促進の持続効果が推測されるとともに，それに伴う身体の冷えやストレス感の低下をもたらす可能性が示唆された．

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In this paper the author studies the nature of the bukehokonin 武家奉公人 (the servants of a military family), that seems to not have been defined clearly in previous studies. Most of the previous research on the buhehokonin rests upon analysis of military house law. Here, however, the author intends to examine the nature of these servants from a different angle by analyzing their duty within the clan (han) to which they belonged. The object of study is the hokonin under the immediate control of the Kaga Clan. This clan had a public office called wariba 割場, which organized a great number of directly supervised servants that consisted of ashigaru 足軽 (upper servants) and 小者 (lower servants). Therefore, if we take notice of what services they chiefly discharged, we realize that they changed from military service at the beginning of the feudal unification age, construction services in the early period, to official services in the middle and the late period. As for military services, the role each servant played in the battlefield and the rank he held according to his specific role became only a formality and in practice gave place to construction and official services. This is shown by the fact that such a formalized system of military roles and ranks could not keep up with the system of military mobilization necessary at the end of the shogunate. To serve in the public offices required the servants to accustom themselves to thd proper duties of each office. As a consequence, from the middle period the organization of the ashigaru and began to differentiate so as to provide specialists engaged in each office. Conversely the wariba, whose function it had been to fill much of the demand for the hokonin limited itself to supplying only a casual lack of the hokonin. At the same time the positions held by the ashigaru and the , which a class of common servants had sometimes occupied in the early period, came to be held exclusively by the members of a particular family. In the middle and the late period, the ashigaru and the began to work steadily in the same office for long periods of time, in order to receive a regular wage and be eligible for promotion to a higher rank. So we must conclude that they had characteristics distinct from those of the common servants and the family servants.

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Mieite–(Y), ideally Y₄Ti(SiO₄)₂O[F,(OH)]₆, was found in a pegmatite at Souri Valley, , Mie Prefecture, central Japan. It occurs as an amber yellow mass with adamantine luster, approximate size of 1 cm and white streak. The mineral is associated with quartz, albite, K–feldspar, muscovite, allanite–(Ce), gadolinite–(Y), and magnesiorowlandite–(Y). Cleavage is not observed and fracture is uneven. The Mohs hardness is 6. The calculated density is 4.61 g/cm³. It is biaxial and refractive indices are α = 1.694(2) and γ = 1.715(5) with non–pleochroism. The mineral displays anomalous blue interference colors. The empirical formula is (Y_3.13Dy_0.20Gd_0.17Yb_0.08Nd_0.08Sm_0.07Er_0.07Th_0.05Tb_0.03Ho_0.03Lu_0.03Ce_0.02Tm_0.02U_0.02)_Σ4.00(Ti_0.52Al_0.44Fe_0.01)_Σ0.97(Si_1.92P_0.12)_Σ2.04O₉[F_3.83(OH)_1.91]_∑5.74 on the basis of 7 cations and 9 oxygen atoms pfu after electron microprobe (WDS), FT/IR and crystal structure analyses by means of single crystal XRD data. The raw material is significantly metamictized to give extremely weak diffraction peaks. The unit cell parameters refined from powder XRD pattern of recrystallized material are; a = 14.979(6), b = 10.548(5), c = 6.964(3) Å, V = 1100.3(8) ų and Z = 4. The 7 strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern [d(Å) (I/I₀) hkl] are; 2.68 (100) 331, 3.76 (85) 400, 3.54 (83) 002, 3.48 (82) 130, 2.16 (78) 023, 4.26 (68) 021, 5.46 (58)111. The crystal structure was refined in space group Cmcm to R₁ = 0.0825 and 0.0735 for 491 and 581 reflections with I > 2σ(I) single crystal XRD data of raw and recrystallized materials, respectively. The crystal structure of mieite–(Y) consists of infinite columns of corner–sharing TiO₆ octahedra decorated by SiO₄ tetrahedra. The columns are linked by two independent Y polyhedra with different coordination, YO₂F₅ and YO₅F₃. A coupled substitution of Ti⁴⁺ + F⁻ = Al³⁺ + □ (vacancy) was suggested for mieite–(Y). Mieite–(Y) is isostructural with the ‘yftisite’, a discredited species. Mieite–(Y) can be classified in the Dana class 52.4.4.3 and Strunz class 9.AG.25, nesosilicates with additional anions.

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三重県菰野町湯の山温泉付近に産する花崗岩ペグマタイトより、メタミクト化していないMgの卓越するローランド石を発見した。これについての化学組成とX線回折パターンについて検討した。

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Magnesiorowlandite, Y₄(Mg,Fe)(Si₂O₇)₂F₂, a Mg–analogue of rowlandite–(Y), was found in a pegmatite at Souri Valley, , Mie Prefecture, central Japan. The mineral occurs as aggregates composed of gray massive and white powdery parts. The aggregates are up to 1 cm in diameter scattered in the pegmatite. The mineral is associated with quartz, albite, K–feldspar, muscovite, allanite–(Ce), gadolinite–(Y), and ‘yftisite–(Y)’. It is transparent and gray to white in color with a vitreous to oily luster. The streak is white and cleavage is not observed. The Mohs hardness is 5 to 5½. The calculated density is 4.82 g/cm³. It is biaxial negative and refractive indices are α = 1.755 (5) and γ = 1.760 (5) with non–pleochroism. Electron microprobe (WDS) analysis gave SiO₂ 28.61, FeO 2.94, MnO 0.35, MgO 2.77, CaO 0.03, Y₂O₃ 36.02, La₂O₃ 0.29, Ce₂O₃ 2.64, Pr₂O₃ 0.64, Nd₂O₃ 4.72, Sm₂O₃ 2.82, Gd₂O₃ 4.45, Tb₂O₃ 0.69, Dy₂O₃ 4.87, Ho₂O₃ 0.50, Er₂O₃ 1.64, Tm₂O₃ 0.34, Yb₂O₃ 2.02, Lu₂O₃ 0.69, ThO₂ 0.24, F 4.56, –F₂=O 1.92, total 99.91 wt% (average of 16 analyses), and led to the empirical formula, (Y_2.71Nd_0.24Dy_0.22Gd_0.21Ce_0.14Sm_0.14Yb_0.09Er_0.07Pr_0.03Tb_0.03Lu_0.03Ho_0.02Tm_0.02La_0.01Ca_0.01Th_0.01)_∑3.98(Mg_0.58Fe_0.35Mn_0.04)_∑0.97Si_4.00O_13.97F_2.03 on the basis of O + F = 16. The mineral is triclinic, P1, a = 6.527(6), b = 8.656(9), c = 5.519(5) Å, α = 99.09(8), β = 104.17(7), γ = 91.48(8)°, V = 297.9(5) ų, Z = 1. It is non–metamict, and the strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern [d(Å) (I/I₀) hkl] are 4.95 (33) 110; 3.64 (37) 021; 3.54 (38) 111; 3.08 (100) 201, 021; 2.92 (26) 211, 210; 2.68 (32) 112; 2.65 (26) 130, 012, 002; 2.63 (28) 220. The crystal structure was determined and refined to R₁ = 0.0736 for 1645 reflections with I > 2σ(I) of single crystal XRD data. In the crystal structure, the Si₂O₇ group, together with (Mg,Fe)O₄F₂ octahedron, connects the 7–coordinated and 8–coordinated REEs polyhedra to form the 3–dimensional structure.

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Objectives: Radon (²²²Rn) is a noble gas found in the water of hot spring spas (“onsen”). In Japan, the Hot Springs Law and the Guideline of Analytical Methods of Mineral Springs (revised) classify springs containing 74 Bq/kg of radon as “hot springs” and those with levels exceeding 111 Bq/kg as “medical springs”, also called “radioactive springs”. According to the notification article (the Nature Conservation Bureau of the Ministry of the Environment in Japan), bathing in a radioactive springs may alleviate the effects of gout, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension as well as chronic conditions such as cholecystitis, gallstones, and skin and gynecological diseases. Drinking water from these springs may treat gout, chronic digestive disorders, chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, neuralgia, muscle pain, and arthralgia. To determine exposure doses from radioactive springs, it is important to establish an easy and accurate method of measuring radon concentration in water and humid air in bathing areas.
Methods: This study measured the concentration of airborne radon using an activated charcoal detector (PICO-RAD: AccuStar Labs), desiccant (Drierite; 8 mesh of anhydrous calcium sulfate: W.A. Hammond Drierite Company, Ltd.), a liquid scintillation counter (LSC LB-5: Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd.), and 2,5-diphenyloxazole(DPO) + 1,4-bis (5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl) benzene(POPOP) toluene solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were used as the liquid scintillator.
Results and Conclusions: This study evaluated radon exposure doses due to radioactive spring at a spa in town, Mie prefecture. After water was piped from hot spring storage tanks into bathtubs, only 5.3-18.0% of the radon remained in the water. Two days later, only 0.25% remained, likely due to radioactive decay and increased diffusion into the air from bathing and recirculating filters. Thus, we investigated radon levels in the humid bathroom air around the radioactive hot spring and determined the total radon exposure from spa water and air. The total exposure dose was calculated assuming a two-day stay, during which customers used the bath for some number of hours. Our findings confirm the safety and efficacy of the hot spring facility. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Daido Life Welfare Foundation.

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In this study, we evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively the production of the braiding process when using a kumihimo disk for beginners. An experiment was conducted to establish a teaching method for braid making using a kumihimo disk. In Study 1, 12 beginners braided a braid for 5 min with “Yatsu-Kongoh”, used a kumihimo disk. As a result, the direction of movement of the thread was divided into a constant group and a non-constant group. Comparing the thickness of the braided strings, the group in which the direction of movement of the thread was constant was finer. From the findings obtained in Study 1, Study 2 was conducted to clarify whether changing the disk or holding the thread affects the finish of the string. 11 beginners braided a braid for 10 min with “Yatsu- Kongoh”. As a result, the string tied under the condition of changing the disk and holding the thread was thin. As a consideration, the importance of thread holding was suggested, and the direction of teaching to beginners was suggested.

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直腸癌の画像診断では，原発巣の拡がり，リンパ節転移の有無，遠隔転移の有無と程度に加えて肛門温存の可否を評価する必要がある．CT colonographyの登場により，遠隔転移診断と同時に腫瘍の局在と腸管の走行を立体的に描出できるようになった．また，進行下部直腸癌に対しては腫瘍の深達度とリンパ節転移診断のみならず，Circumferential resection margin（CRM）を評価するためにMRI検査が必須となっている．MRIによりCT検査では困難であった肛門管近傍の詳細な情報を得ることもできる．本稿では変化しつつある直腸癌における画像診断について，最近の知見を中心に述べる．

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  三重県を代表する温泉保養地のひとつである菰野町では，温泉地およびその周辺の健康資源としての活性化を目指した様々な取組が進められており，その取組の一環として，菰野町内におけるウォーキングプログラムが実施されている．本研究では，このウォーキングプログラムによるリラックス効果に着目し，ウォーキングプログラム前後における唾液中コルチゾール濃度と感情尺度の変化について，調査を行った．

  本研究の協力に同意が得られた成年を被験者とし，全行程約7kmの2種類のコースのウォーキングプログラムを実施させた．実施前後の唾液中コルチゾール濃度，Mood Check List-Short form. 2（MCL-S.2）とVisual Analog Scale （VAS）による感情尺度をそれぞれ測定し，前後比較を行った．

  調査の結果，2種類のコースのいずれにおいても，プログラム実施後の唾液中コルチゾール濃度は，対照としての安静時のコルチゾール濃度に比べて，有意に減少した．コルチゾールは，交感神経優位の際に分泌される副腎皮質ホルモンで，低値を示す方が心理的にリラックスした状態とされることから，ウォーキングプログラムにより被験者のリラックス感が促されたことが示唆された．また，MCL-S.2による感情尺度評価では，「菰野富士コース」で「快感情」と「リラックス感」のスコアの上昇と「不安感」のスコアの低下，VASでは，「菰野富士コース」と「鵜川原コース」で，ポジティブな感情スコアの増加と，ネガティブな感情スコアの減少が，それぞれ有意に認められた．

  これらの結果から，菰野町内で実施されているウォーキングプログラムには，リラックス感の促進等の心理的な有用性が示唆された．

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