In July of 1977, System I began operation at Northwood Pulp, Ltd. in Prince George, British Columbia. Northwood Pulp produces about 750 short tons per day of bleached softwood kraft for the market, and is jointly owned by Noranda Mines Ltd. and The Mead Corporation.
Northwood Pulp is noted for its fine fiber characteristics and its superior strength properties. It is generally regarded as one of the best softwood krafts available in the market. Prior to the installation of the System at the mill, extensive laboratory work had been done to compare the quality attributes of the -type kraft pulp with regular kraft pulp. Some of these results were published in a previous Technical Bulletin. P-003 (March, 1975).
While only minor changes in quality attributes were found in these laboratory studies, it was agreed that the initial production of the -type pulp would be sent only to the Chillicothe, Ohio mills of The Mead Corporation for prolonged trials on several paper machines. Approximately 4, 000 tons of -type pulp was produced in July at Northwood. This report summarizes the results obtained using this pulp on the paper machines at Chillicothe.

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System I has been installed as the mill fourh in the world at Yufutsu Mill of Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp in Oct. 1979. Since then, we have studied it to establish its optimum operating conditions. Based on this study, we could obtain the enough know-how and experience on the production of PS-pulping.
The results are summarized as follows.
1) Equipment
Both the equipment and instrument are no trouble in the past year.
2) Operation
We now have obtained the optimum operatng conditions on the PS-pulping through One year experience. We are aiming at 5560% oxydation of the sulphide in the white liquor and will give us 67 g/l of polysulfide sulphur.
3) Quality
Within the limits of our yield gain, the effect on pulp and fine paper qualities are almost neglective.
4) Air Pollution (Odourous troubles)
We have meassured the concentration of odourous gases in the air and found that the concentraion is equal or lower compared to before.
5) Economical Revenue
We still now continue to obtain the trusty data on the yield gain. According to our intermediate results, we can say that yield gain gives us the satisfactor results.

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The purpose of the present study is to clarified the preventive effects of GTN and Ca⁺⁺-antagonist combination therapy for symptomatic vasospasm following ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
It is a well known fact that Ca⁺⁺-antagonist has a depressive effect on the contraction of vascular smooth muscle induced by spasmogenics as a Ca⁺⁺-entry blocker, and that GTN also has a strong relaxant effect on these contractions as an activator of intracellulary G-kinase. We have applied this combination therapy to 13 patients and obtained good clinical results. Only one patient (8%) showed a symptomatic vasospasm.
1. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Using helical strips of the bovine middle cerebral arteries, changes in vascular tension were measured during isometric contractions induced by 5HT, PGF_2α and Oxy-Hb. A helical strip was hung in a small perfusing chamber (1.5ml) and perfused with a modified Tyrode solution with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂.
The occurrence of contractions induced by 5HT, PGF_2a and Oxy-Hb were depressed by 50-60% of each control in 10^-8M nicardipine (NC). GTN had not depressed the occurrence of these contractions. However, vascular tension on the plateau of these contractions was strongly relaxed by 10^-5-10^-4M GTN. GTN had also strongly relaxed the tension of vascular muscle at the resting tension dose-dependently. GTN caused dose-dependent relaxations in 10^-6M Oxy-Hb-,-10^-6M PGF_2a and 10^-7M 5HT-induced contractions in the presence of 10^-8M nicardipine. The above results suggested that Ca⁺⁺-antagonists would be effective drugs for prevention of cerebral vasospasm, and GTN would be an effective drug for relaxation of the cerebral vasospasm.
II. CLINICAL STUDY
142 patients with SAH who underwent early and/or late surgery, were divided into four groups. 80 patients underwent early surgery and were treated without Ca⁺⁺-antagonist and/or GTN, as a control group. 36 patients were treated with NC after early surgery. 13 patients were treated with diltiazem (Dil) until late surgery. 13 patients were treated with GTN (0.05 mg-0.10 mg/kg/hr) intravenously until the 14th day after SAH {4 patients of early surgery were treated with intrathecal injections of NC (4 mg 2×1/day-10 day), 9 patients of late surgery were treated with intravenously injections of Dil (0.2 mg-0.3 mg/kg/hr-14 day)}
RESULTS: Symptomatic vasospasm occured in 1 (7%) out of 13 patients treated with GTN combined Ca⁺⁺-antagonists, whereas the occurrence in the control group was 41 (51%) out of 80 (early surgery and NC), 5 (38%) out of 13 (late surgery and Dil). The recovery rate was 100% in the 4 patients (early surgery) treated with GTN combined NC, 78% in the late surgery and GTN combined Dil. The recovery rate in the control group was 73% (early surgery only), 86% (early surgery and NC), 60% (late surgery and Dil).
III. CONCLUSION
The intrathecal administration of nicardipine is very effective for prevention of symptomatic vasospasm, however we have sometimes experienced the development of a severe clinical stage due to vasospasm. It is expected for GTN to improve such a permanent symptom. These results depend on the coexistence of the preventive effects of Ca⁺⁺-antagonist and relaxing effects of GTN for vasocontraction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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午前中の全体会議終了後, 同じ平安の間で午後1時より, 原質分科会が開催された。参会者は約120名の多数であった。分科会の司会は, 私が務めさせて頂いた。講演題目は4件で, いずれも最新の操業経験が発表された。質疑応答, 討論は取まとめて, 3時50分から山陽国策パルプ (株) 岩国研究所の上埜武夫氏を座長として行われた。

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Impaired proprioception can provide faulty sensory feedback to the brain during movement, resulting in an increased risk of injury. Although several safety concerns about blood flow restricted exercise have been investigated, no research has observed how this exercise affects proprioception. Objectives: To investigate the effects of walking with and without practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) on muscle fatigue and knee proprioception. Design: Within-subject Randomized Crossover Design Methods: Fourteen healthy young adults (9 males and 5 females) walked on a treadmill at 5.6 km/h with a fixed grade for fifteen minutes either with or without elastic belts (using the moderate perceived tightness, “7 out of 10”). Absolute angular error of a standing position sense test (index of proprioception) and peak/average power outputs of countermovement jumps (index of fatigue) were measured before and immediately after exercise. Results: For absolute angular error, there was no evidence of a difference (BF10 = 0.64) between walking with and without pBFR [pBFR: Δ ‒ 1.5 ± 3.8 ˚ vs. Control: Δ 0.19 ± 3.8 ˚]. The change in peak power was not different (BF10 = 0.28) between conditions [pBFR: Δ ‒ 34.5 ± 1019 W vs. Control: Δ 150 ± 1616 W]. Similarly, the change in average power was also not different (BF10 = 0.28) between conditions [pBFR: Δ 9.1 ± 53 vs. Control: Δ ‒ 3.4 ± 73 W]. Conclusions: There was no evidence that walking with pBFR induced fatigue or impairment of knee proprioception, suggesting that walking with pBFR might be safely performed without increasing the risk of injury.

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1. 3α, 7α, 12α-Trihydroxycholanic aldehyde was synthesized by lead tetraacetate oxidation of 3α, 7α, 12α, 24_??_, 25-pentahydroxy-homocholane which was prepared from 3α, 7α, 12α-trifor -25-ace toxy-24-oxo-homo ch olane.
2. 3α, 7α, 12α-Trihydroxycholanic alde-hyde was oxidized to cholic acid by rat liver homogenate.
The author wishes to thank prof. T. Kazuno and Assist. Prof. K. Okuda for their helpful suggestions throguhout this work.

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森林資源の有効利用と省資源・省エネルギーの観点から, アルカリパルプ化法でのパルプ収率向上と脱リグニンの促進を目的に, 多くのパルプ蒸解助剤が検討されてきた。蒸解中の糖安定化 (ピーリング反応の防止) によるパルプ収率向上を達成するための添加剤として, ハイドロサルファイトやホウ水素化ナトリウム等の還元性物質, ポリサルファイドやキノン類化合物等の酸化性物質が検討されてきた。
これらのうち, キノン蒸解とキノン添加ポリサルファイド蒸解はその経済性が認められ, 既に多くの工場で実施され, その操業実績が報告されている。本報では, 省資源だけでなく低カッパー価操業のような環境対策の面からも今後検討が進むことが考えられるキノン添加ポリサルファイド蒸解についてその歴史や効果について紹介し, あわせてポリサルファイド製造法についても説明する。

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The purpose of present study was clarified to the physiological response to nordic walking with anti-shock poles. The healthy 6 men subjects who familiar with nordic walking participated in this study. They performed three incremental tests（ 20m shuttle walk test）, walking（ W）,nordic walking （NNP）, and nordic walking with anti-shock poles （ASNP）. Heart rate （HR）, respiratory metabolism, muscles oxygenation,perceived of exertion （RPE） and stride length were measured during experiments. HR, V4 O2, muscle oxygenation of triceps brachii, and stride were significantly different in the NNP and ASNP compared to the W. Especially, V4 O2 and total hemoglobin content of triceps brachii of ASNP were significantly higher than those of W only for ASNP at specific speeds. There were no differences between the conditions in muscle oxygenation dynamics in the vastus lateralis. In RPE, NNP and ASNP were higher than W only in upper extremities, with no differences in lower extremities and whole body. It is concluded that ASNP does not compromise the features of NW and provides additional physiological responses depending on the speed.

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This paper reviews briefly on technology of kraft pulping proceses.
1) As cooking processes, reviewing the type and size of digester, computor control, various kinds of countermeasures on yield increase including countercurrent impregnation, AQ additive and combination of and AQ.
2) As evaporation and recovery processes, reviewing the tendency of equipment and countermeasures on save energy in these stages.

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Objectives: To measure and compare the tissue oxygenation of gastrocnemius during ischemic and reperfusion (I&R) to lower limbs through two different ways; establish a method for remote ischemic preconditioning(RIPC) through intermittent Seiza and observe its effect on capillary fragility of forearm skin. Methods: 12 college students participated in the measurement of tissue oxygenation in gastrocnemius (using ANT+,

-3) during I&R either through intermittent Seiza or blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg around thigh , taken 5 min reperfusion following 5 min ischemia as a cycle, repeat 3 such cycles in one RIPC. Check the capillary fragility in the forearm of 33 students whom were in either experimental or control group at pre-, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the daily intermittent Seiza RIPC or not. Results: Tissue oxygenation in gastrocnemius at 1,3,5 minute of ischemic decreased significantly during both ways compared with before ischemic, but intermittent Seiza can make it decrease more rapidly and thoroughly than that of blood pressure cuff inflation. The forearm skin capillary fragility reduced significantly compared with that of the control group after 4 weeks daily intermittent Seiza RIPC. Conclusions: Intermittent Seiza is an effective and easy way for RIPC, and can improve the quality of skin capillary after 4 weeks daily practice.

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　経尿道的前立腺レーザー手術の一つであるPVP (Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate) を施行するうえで理解すべきレーザー特性とその手技上の留意点について概説する. また2019年2月から本邦に導入された180W GreenLight XPS^TM system (以下 XPS system) の特徴についても解説する.

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A new electrolytic oxidation process to produce highly concentrated polysulfide (PS) liquor front the white liquor (WL) has been developed. A specially-designed electrolytic cell makes the system suitable for actual mill operation. The WL, is oxidized to produce PS liquor in the anode compartment. while pure sodium hydroxide is formed in the cathode compartment simultaneously. Since the undesirable thiosulfate formation is easy to control in the electrochemical process, it was possible to produce highly concentrated PS liquor with a good current efficiency. Consequently this process achieves to concentrate sodium sulfide in WL, and produce highly concentrated PS simultaneously, while the sulfur balance in the Kraft pulping process can be maintained. PS with SAQR pulping of hardwoods was evaluated using the oxidized liquor produced by the bench scale cell with the laboratory digester. Then, the large increases of pulp yields and large reductions of kappa number were observed, and modified cooking intensified these effects. A capable case of system closure for the bleached kraft pulp production was also proposed.

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