効率的で環境にやさしい物流の実現のために，インターモーダル輸送が政策課題として着目され始めている．しかし，各国，各地域の政策目的，手段は異なっている．本稿では，EU，アメリカ，日本のインターモーダル・ロジスティクス政策を比較，分析する．

インターモーダル・ロジスティクスは，川上から川下までのサプライチェーンの最適なマネジメントおよび，混雑や環境上の問題を抱える多くの輸送手段の最適な利活用を目指している．本稿では，インターモーダル輸送を定義した後に，各国の同輸送分担率を比較した．さらに，各国のインターモーダル・ロジスティクス政策の目的，手段における類似点，相違点を明らかにした．その際，EUのマルコポーロ・プログラム，アメリカのインターモーダル結節点・プログラム，インターモーダル情報システム・プログラム，日本の都市，地域，国際ロジスティクス政策を検討し，それら政策実施の経験からの教訓をとりまとめた．

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We propose a new approach to discovering regions optimizing the expected responses from data with a strong spatial bias. The methods available thus far do not work well on data of that nature because they assume that coordinates and responses are uniform and isotropic. To relax this assumption, we employ a hypothesis that cells in an irregularly sized mesh are connected transitively. However, it requires considerable computation and possibly overfits data because there are exponentially many transitive closures. Our contributions to overcome these problems are twofold: we prove the maximal property that shows how irrelevant cells are removed without enumerating candidates in the hypothesis space, and we propose a description length of transitive closure based on which the remaining regions are regularized. We show via experiments that our algorithms do not decrease the precision with unknown data, even when such data are neither uniform nor isotropic. In addition, we show that the regularized region improves the precision by more than 20% compared to the unregularized one.

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According to the theory of predictive processing, the brain is not a passive organ that solely responds to input signals from sensory organs. Rather, it actively constructs perception based on internal models that predict future input signals and compute differences between predictions and input signals (prediction error). Organisms, including humans, construct and maintain integrated and consistent images of the self and the world by minimizing the sum of prediction errors. They either update their internal models or actively modulate sensory inputs by changing behaviors. This article introduces basic predictive processing concepts and examines how predictive processing conceptualizes mental functions such as perception, motor movement, decision-making, and affect as integrated systems. Recent empirical findings supporting this theoretical framework are presented. This article also discusses how the predictive processing framework uses computation to explain how subjective mental experiences are generated.

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In [31], Shin et al. proposed a Leakage-Resilient and Proactive Authenticated Key Exchange (LRP-AKE) protocol for credential services which provides not only a higher level of security against leakage of stored secrets but also secrecy of private key with respect to the involving server. In this paper, we discuss a problem in the security proof of the LRP-AKE protocol, and then propose a modified LRP-AKE protocol that has a simple and effective measure to the problem. Also, we formally prove its AKE security and mutual authentication for the entire modified LRP-AKE protocol. In addition, we describe several extensions of the (modified) LRP-AKE protocol including 1) synchronization issue between the client and server's stored secrets; 2) randomized ID for the provision of client's privacy; and 3) a solution to preventing server compromise-impersonation attacks. Finally, we evaluate the performance overhead of the LRP-AKE protocol and show its test vectors. From the performance evaluation, we can confirm that the LRP-AKE protocol has almost the same efficiency as the (plain) Diffie-Hellman protocol that does not provide authentication at all.

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In this article, focusing on the dative alternation with the Give Verbs and Verbs of Future Having, we propose (i) that the V-NP-PP construction and the double object construction (DOC) share the same underlying structure, which involves a small clause CP headed by the invisible verb HAVE, which is an amalgamation of the invisible copula BE and the invisible adposition TO, and (ii) that the former is derived from the latter, by the excorporation of TO out of HAVE, the C-to-V incorporation, and the A-movement of the Theme NP across the CP boundary. We argue that every movement across a CP-boundary is constrained by the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC), from which a syntactic solution is given to the question why certain double object verbs lack the V-NP-PP variant. It is argued that the legitimate derivation of the V-NP-PP variant from the DOC is subject to the PIC, since the C-to-V in-corporation, which is independently constrained by the temporal equivalence condition, enables movement to the matrix Spec of the matrix non-phase head V, which is otherwise inapplicable.

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This paper considers that-t(race) effects in the Minimalist Program and proposes a principled explanation. It is claimed that that-t effects follow from the fact that the EPP feature in T cannot be satisfied at any point in the derivation. It is shown that the proposed analysis falls out from independently motivated theoretical assumptions and is empirically supported in that it correctly accounts for grammatical and ungrammatical instances of that-t effects from a number of languages, which also reveals that parametric variations with that-t effects are properly accommodated. We also discuss two theoretical implications for the Minimalist Program, both of which resonate with recent arguments in the Minimalist literature.

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This review attempts to clarify the essence and perspective of Taiiku through the analysis of review articles published in the Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences. The review comprises five parts: (1) Introduction, (2) Discourse on methodology, (3) Review articles in the Journal from a humanities perspective, (4) Analysis from a perspective of social science, and (5) Examination from a medical-natural sciences perspective, followed by concluding remarks. The analysis suggests that Taiiku designates all bodily movement contributing to the corporeal and social basis of human well-being, providing a foundation for more enlightened discussion on the essence and conceptual expansion of Taiiku and well-being.

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