本研究では,フイリピンのダバオ市における不法占拠居住者(行政による再定住プログラムによって移住した移転居住者を含む)に対して,居住環境に関する選好意識を分析した。居住環境を構成する属性としては,1)住宅の所有権,2)都心部への接近性,3)上・下水道などの社会基盤施設の整備水準,4)安価な公共交通サービスの利用可能性,5)住宅の形態,6)教育・医療施設などの供給水準の六つの要因を取り上げ,コンジョイント分析を利用することにより,不法占拠居住者の居住環境に関する選好意識を計量的にとらえる方法を試みた。分析の結果,不法占拠居住者と移転居住者は所有権を得ることを好むほか,郊外であること,上・下水道など良好な社会基盤を備えていること,安価な公共交通サービスが利用できること,一戸建てであること,高水準の教育・医療施設があることを選好していることが明らかになった。また,どの要因が選好を決定するにあたり重要であったかについて,高い順にみると,1)住宅の所有権(26.30%),2)都心部までの接近性(22.24%),3)上・下水道などの社会基盤施設の整備水準(21.41%),4)安価な公共交通サービスの利用可能性(13.17%),5)住宅の形態(9.17%),6)教育・医療施設などの供給水準(7.70%)という結果が得られた。本研究で用いたコンジョイント分析は,居住環境のような複数の属性をもつ仮想の評価対象について,住民の選好構造を計量的に分析するための有効な手法となりうる。すなわち,住民は所有権を重視する政策を支持しているが,その要件については改善を求めていることがわかった。

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Introduction. Hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, its treatment is based on combination therapies to obtain a better therapeutic effect and reduce adverse effects. One of the more effective combinations is the use of β-blockers with ACEi or AT1 receptor antagonists, these promote several pathways by which the antihypertensive effect is produced, and it implies an even complex mechanism. Several studies have been carried out on the vascular response of renin-angiotensin system components with individual and combined treatments, but the relationship between functionality and damage or protection biomarkers has not been done. Aim: To investigate the vascular expression of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, AT2R, B1R and B2R in SHR rat and the vascular reactivity to Ang II or Bradykinin after the combined treatments with propranolol-captopril or losartan. Methods: 36 male SHR rats were used, divided into 6 groups (n=6): 1) SHR+vehicle, 2) SHR+captopril, 3) SHR+propranolol, 4) SHR+losartan, 5) SHR+propranolol-captopril, 6) SHR+propranolol-losartan (the doses of combination treatments were reduced by 50%). The values of SBP, DBP and HR were determined before and after 5 days of treatment. The aortic rings of all the groups were obtained. The concentration-response curves to Ang II or bradykinin were performed. The ACE, ACE2, AT1R, AT2R, B1R and B2R mRNAs were quantified by real-time PCR. Results: all treatments reduced SBP and DBP but not HR except propranolol. The propranolol+losartan treatment reduced the vascular reactivity to Ang II while the propranolol+captopril or losartan treatments increased the vasodilator response to bradykinin. The ACE and AT1R mRNAs expression were decreased, and B1R mRNA was increased, while the other biomarkers did not show significant change. Conclusion: the decrease in blood pressure, as well as the vascular reactivity in the combined treatments could be associated to the increase of protection biomarkers and reduction on damage ones. Therefore, it is suggest the ACE, AT1R and B1R proteins quantification for a better understanding of involved mechanism. PIAPIME ID.2.11.06.17-FESC-UNAM;

1645-FESC-UNAM; IN212213-DGAPA-UNAM

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Since the past decade, diagnostics evaluation method for the oil tank under ultra low cycle fatigue was continuously discussed at several committees in Japan High Pressure Institute (JHPI). This paper reports the summary of the activity of the committees toward the establishment of the method to estimate crack growth life under repeated large plastic loading. Crack growth behaviors under large cyclic plastic strains were examined experimentally under both axial loadings and bending loadings of a plate with a surface flaw. A series of three-dimensional FEM analyses was also carried out to obtain J-integral value for shell-to-annular joint with various crack sizes.

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画像の境界や輪郭線には認識のための重要な情報が多く含まれている。従って、コンピュータを用いてこれらの画像を処理する場合、輪郭線情報に基づいて図形の性質や特徴を抽出すると都合が良い。輪郭線を記述するとき、ドミナントポイントと呼ばれる点が重要な意味を持つ。ドミナントポイントとはディジタル曲線上の曲率の高い点であり、輪郭線を特徴付けるのに有用である。従来提案されてきたドミナントポイントの検出方法は、輪郭線の複雑さに関する先験情報が必要であった。そこで、最近、そのような先験情報を必要としない検出方法が提案されたが、この方法は、雑音に影響されやすい。本稿では、そのような先験情報を必要としない方法をもとにして、雑音にも強い方法を提案している。

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あいまいさが介在するデータ観測モデルは, 近似的にファジィ観測モデルとみなすことができる.奥田らはファジィ観測データをファジィ事象と考え, 背後に確率分布を想定することで, これらのデータを有効に処理する手法について研究を行っている.奥田らのファジィ観測のモデルにおいては, ファジィデータの出現頻度に関する情報があり, それに基づいてメンバシップ関数を同定する場合, Zadeh のファジィ事象確率の定義による制約を満たしたメンバシップ関数を客観的に同定する必要があり, 通常のファジィモデルにおける主観によるメンバシップ関数の同定法は適用できない.本論文では, この問題に対し一つの手法を提案し, その有効性を示す.

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The regulation about emission purification and fuel consumption of an automobile becomes increasingly strict for environmental issue. Especially, the performance while transient state is focused on because transient state was increased in the new JC08 emission test-mode. Emission purification of the gasoline engine is attained both using a three way catalyst and controlling air fuel ratio(AFR) by means of an oxygen sensor while steady state. However, while transient state, AFR is deteriorated because of non-linear character such as a fuel wall-wet flow balance, allowance of each engine, aging and ambient of operation. Therefore, highly performed controller is necessary for AFR control at transient state. Both a feedforward and a feedback control were required to obtain such performance. However, each control system was designed independently. Therefore harmonizing both control system is desired when those were performed at a same time. In this paper, adaptive gain system was respectively equipped to the feedforward system and the feedback control. After some time repeat of a regulate control, those control system were fused and performed as a feedforward controller with a small feedback compensation. Then, the experiment were also carried out at different operating condition. The results showed a good regulating performance as a transient state regulator.

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The fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae causes blast, a severe disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Improving blast resistance is important in rice breeding programs. Inoculation tests have been used to select for resistance genotypes, with DNA marker-based selection becoming an efficient alternative. No comprehensive DNA marker system for race-specific resistance alleles in the Japanese rice breeding program has been developed because some loci contain multiple resistance alleles. Here, we used the Fluidigm SNP genotyping platform to determine a set of 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for 10 loci with race-specific resistance. The markers were then used to evaluate the presence or absence of 24 resistance alleles in 369 cultivars; results were 93.5% consistent with reported inoculation test-based genotypes in japonica varieties. The evaluation system was successfully applied to high-yield varieties with indica genetic backgrounds. The system includes polymorphisms that distinguish the resistant alleles at the tightly linked Pita and Pita-2 loci, thereby confirming that all the tested cultivars with Pita-2 allele carry Pita allele. We also developed and validated insertion/deletion (InDel) markers for ten resistance loci. Combining SNP and InDel markers is an accurate and efficient strategy for selection for race-specific resistance to blast in breeding programs.

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