A retrospective review of 16 patients of carcinoma of the epipharynx treated at Kurume University Hospital from 1971 to 1980 was completed. Thirteen patients underwent curative treatments and 3 were subjected to palliative treatments. The results of this retrospective study is summarized as follows: 1) In the 13 patients of curative treatments, both 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates calculated by the actuarial method were 17.8%. 2) Of 9 deaths in the curative treatment group, the cause of death was primary lesion in 7, unknown in 1 and intercurrent disease in 1.

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A coagulation phenomenon is one of important inclusion behaviors in molten steel. It is widely recognized that alumina inclusions aggregate each other, which result in harmful defects in final products. In addition, alumina inclusions often collide with different type inclusions such as slag droplets generated from the slag-metal interface or other oxide particles formed by the complex deoxidation. These types of coagulation, “hetero-coagulation”, are closely related to the means for removal and control of inclusions. Therefore, it is valuable to establish a kinetic model of hetero-coagulation, which is not well developed until now.
In the present study, the hetero-coagulation model based on the Smoluchowski’s population balance equation has been developed. Particularly, the present work has focused on a turbulent hetero-coagulation behavior considering the practical steelmaking processes. A new method, called Particle-Size-Grouping for Hetero-coagulation (PSGH) method, has been established, which enables a considerable reduction of a calculation load for the hetero-coagulation with complete conservation in total particle volume. This method has been verified by the comparison with the exact solution of the population balance equation for hetero-coagulation. The change in particle number density with time calculated by PSGH method agreed with that of the exact solution.

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Piperacillin (T-1220) is a new semisynthetic penicillin with an unusually broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. In vitro comparisons of this drug with 6 other beta-lactam antimicrobics (ticarcillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole and cefoxitin) were conducted. These included minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 394 bacterial isolates, the minimal lethal concentrations (MLC) against 79 of those, as well as the effect of inoculum size on the MIC and MLC of the drugs. Piperacillin had significantly greater activity than did the other penicillins against Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Against P. aeruginosa piperacillin was 8- and 16-fold more active than ticarcillin and carbenicillin, respectively. The MLC of piperacillin rarely differed from the MIC by more than one log² dilutions except against P. aeruginosa in which the MLC was 4-fold greater or more than the MIC of 45% of isolates tested. Ticarcillin, carbenicillin and cefoxitin showed minimal inoculum size effects. Cefamandole results showed the greatest inoculum size variation with 55% and 37% of isolates showing an 8-fold increase in MIC and MLC respectively by increasing inoculum from 10⁵ to 10⁷ CFU/ml. Piperacillin was intermediately effected having 25% of strains >8-fold increase in MIC.

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BL-S786 was compared by in vitro studies with 6 other parenteral cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cephaloridine, cephalothin and cephradine). The following parameters were assessed: Comparative MICs against a wide variety of bacterial isolates, MIC/MBC comparisons and the effect of inoculum size on the MIC. BL-S786 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, C. diversus and Salmonella species; was equal to cefamandole against E. coli, E. agglomerans and P. mirabilis; and was second to cefamandole against Shigella, E. tarda, C. freundii, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes and the pathogenic Neisseriae. Essentially no activity against Serratia and Pseudomonas species was observed. Compared to the other cephalosporins tested, BL-S786 showed poor activity against staphylococci and streptococci. For most species tested, the MBC of the various cephalosporins was the same or within one dilution of their respective MICs. However, for Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus species, the MBC of BL-S786 and cefamandole was usually ≥8-fold higher than the MICs. Cefoxitin, on the other hand, showed little MIC/MBC variations against indole-positive Proteus species. Inoculum size had only a small effect on the MICs against most gram-negative species-in some instances 64-fold increases in MIC resulted by increasing inoculum size from 10⁵ to 10⁷ organisms per ml.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment needs toward an ex-partner and transition of stage of relationship dissolution. People who experienced relationship dissolution within the previous year that was initiated by their ex-partner were eligible for this study. Based on the results of the latent rank theory, the participants were divided into three ranks. Results of the multiple logit model suggested that the selective probability of rank 3 to rank 2 was associated among attachment needs toward ex-partner, attachment anxiety, remorsefully attitude of ex-partner, and selective probability of rank 2 to rank 1 was associated with attachment needs toward the ex-partner and a sincere attitude of the ex-partner. These results showed that attachment needs toward an ex-partner is an important factor for the transition to stage of romantic dissolution similar to attachment style.

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本稿は「文化資源」のひとつであるビデオゲームの扱いについて、ミュージアムに焦点を置き資料の収集、保管、展示、そして専門性について考察する、という問いを立て論じるものである。まず、ビデオゲームの専門的知識を持った学芸員が求められている先行研究に対し、現在の日本の学芸員制度では専門性の高い学芸員の育成は難しいもののキュレーションすることが重要であることを述べる。次に、国外のミュージアムにおけるビデオゲームに関する収集、保管、展示の方法と、課題について先行研究から考察する。最後に、「文化資源」であるビデオゲームの損失を少しでも減らすためには協力体制や組織の構築などが必要性を、京都国際マンガミュージアムの事例から考察し、ビデオゲームに関連するさまざまな現状を把握する。「文化資源」であるビデオゲームを今後ミュージアムにおいて収集し保管し展示できるかは、学芸員の課題であると同時に、ビデオゲーム研究に携わる私たちの課題である。

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Bird banding has been widely used for more than a century to study the large-scale spatial movements of birds. Continent-wide and transcontinental movements of birds, such as dispersal and seasonal migration, have been revealed by ring recoveries that link departure and destination locations. However, movement inferences have been mostly qualitative, and many limitations and biases have impeded accurate and detailed inferences of movement patterns. Banding data, nevertheless, provides the largest data set for bird movement studies, thus the development of statistical methods to utilize them effectively is the active frontier of research. In this review, we summarize briefly emerging opportunities for quantitative inferences of bird movements from banding data and indicate how they have improved our understanding of bird movements. Banding data is powerful when integrated with external data sources (e.g., direct tracking data), and prove informative for macroecological and macroevolutionary studies. However, such integrated practices have been limited to studies of European and American avian species. A systematic review of the use of Japanese banding data in scientific publications, shows that it is used significantly less often than that of European or American data, and publications were often invisible to the international scientific community. This poor visibility and low rate of usage is likely due to the relative inaccessibility of the data, as most of it is published in Japanese, and the relatively small number of ring recoveries, which makes the data less attractive. We argue that such an inter-flyway disparity may have created severe knowledge gaps in avian movement studies, including incorrect predictions of avian responses to future climate change and less effective conservation actions in Asia. The Japanese data represents Asia's largest banding and recovery archive, and future work needs to effectively integrate it into cutting-edge statistical frameworks to expand the field of bird movement studies.

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This study aimed to investigate the association between microbiota found in the maternal gut and placenta, and whether ceftriaxone exposure during pregnancy could alter these microbiota, and consequently affect the immunity of the mothers and their offspring. The microbiota in the feces and placenta of the dams were comprehensively analyzed using16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, viable bacteria in the placentas and blood of pups were also isolated by plate cultivation then taxonomically identified in detail by clone sequencing. Serum cytokines collected from dams and pups were quantitatively profiled using Luminex. The spleen organ index of dams was significantly lower and the offspring serum interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in ceftriaxone-treated mice compared with the control group. The maternal fecal microbiota community was drastically altered in ceftriaxone-treated mice with significantly decreased diversity, depletion of Bacteroidetes and the blooming of Tenericutes. However, the placenta microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria especially characteristically by Ralstonia, which was distinct from the maternal gut microbiota, regardless of whether ceftriaxone treatment or not. Viable bacteria have been found in placenta and blood cultures. These results indicated that ceftriaxone exposure in pregnancy could dramatically alter maternal intestinal microbiota, which affected the immunity of the mothers and their offspring at least partly, characteristically by enhanced pro-inflammatory responses. This study also indicated that the placenta might harbor its own microbes and the microbes were distinct from maternal gut microbiota, which may not be affected by oral administration of ceftriaxone during pregnancy.

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