″The California energy crisis of 2000,″ like a bomb exploding in a crowd, alerted the world to the issues surrounding safe and secure energy supply. Increasing energy demand calls for an expanding supply system in order to realize a stable supply of energy. On the other hand, environmental problems such as global warming, the heat island phenomenon, resource depletion, and so on, call for a more efficient and energy-saving supply system. With these as a background, load leveling, one of the effects of DSM (Demand Side Management), is considered to be an effective method.
In this paper, 24-hour investigations on SOHO ( ), residential buildings and offices were conducted in the central Tokyo area. Based on the results, the monthly and hourly energy consumption characteristics of SOHO were ascertained. In addition, the dimensionless parameters, load leveling ratio r_l and energy saving rate r_s were defined. Using r_l, SOHO was proven to have profound effects on load leveling; and using r_s, the energy saving potential was evaluated quantitatively.

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本報告はSOHOのための技術情報管理活用の仕組みの提案である。これは企業に於ける技術研究開発部門とそこに属する個人に対する知識データベース構築を支援するためのシステムでもある。CD-ROMの購入やインターネット検索やオンライン検索により、日々必要な技術情報を入手して仕事をする状況の中で，特定する技術分野の情報をウォッチングして得た抄録を、一定のフォームに変換して自分のファイルとしてデータベース化する。これを活用して適宜必用な分野のデータをリストアップして分析したり、必用な１次情報を的確に効率よく入手する仕組みである。一方、入手した1次情報や調査結果を解析評価して抄録を作成したり、既に手元にある技術情報や新たに発生する部門内の技術情報の抄録を作成して、これらの変換データも加えて自部門の“座右の知識データベース”を構築するものである。

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In order to build a stable and energy-saving supply system, it is important to establish databases of energy demand for various buildings. With the popularity of the Internet, the diversified employment patterns, and the changes of life style, SOHO ( ) has increased significantly in the past few years in the central Tokyo area. As a new kind of architecture, the energy consumption study on SOHO in urban center area has not been conducted yet. This study aims to clarify the correlation between energy consumption and life style of users, as well as to establish an energy consumption database of SOHO in urban center, which will serve as a baseline when such a building is designed. For this purpose, investigations on SOHO were conducted in the central Tokyo area. Based on the results, the database of energy consumption basic unit was established. And the value of annual energy consumption of SOHO was 1712.9MJ/(m^2・annual), which was between dwelling house and office. The life style of each user has a great impact on energy consumption both in value and in pattern. The results also show the importance of taking control of individual energy consumption.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of workers being diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and being identified as close contacts of infected persons with unemployment in Japan.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study using questionnaires about COVID-19 administered to Japanese workers. A baseline survey conducted on December 22-25, 2020, was used to determine history of being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being identified as a close contact of an infected person. Unemployment since the baseline survey was ascertained with a follow-up survey on February 18 and 19, 2021. The odds ratios (ORs) of unemployment were estimated using a multilevel logistic model with adjusted covariates nested in prefecture of residence.

Results: Women (n = 8771) accounted for 44% of the total sample (n = 19 941), and the mean age was 48.0 years. In terms of unemployment because of negative reasons, the multivariate analysis showed that the OR of unemployment associated with being diagnosed with COVID-19 was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.15-5.01) and that the OR associated with being identified as a close contact was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.31-3.11).

Conclusions: There is an association between workers being diagnosed with COVID-19 and unemployment. The reason is not clear, but if the unemployment is unwanted by the individual, workplace adjustment may help prevent unwilling unemployment.

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Next Generation Network (NGN), which has been undergoing standardization as it has developed, is expected to create new services that converge the fixed and mobile networks. This paper introduces the basic requirements for NGN in terms of security and explains the standardization activities, in particular, the requirements for the security function described in Y.2701 discussed in ITU-T SG-13. In addition to the basic NGN security function, requirements for NGN authentication are also described from three aspects: security, deployability, and service. As examples of authentication implementation, three profiles-namely, fixed, nomadic, and mobile-are defined in this paper. That is, the “fixed profile” is typically for fixed-line subscribers, the “nomadic profile” basically utilizes WiFi access points, and the “mobile profile” provides ideal NGN mobility for mobile subscribers. All three of these profiles satisfy the requirements from security aspects. The three profiles are compared from the viewpoint of requirements for deployability and service. After showing that none of the three profiles can fulfill all of the requirements, we propose that multiple profiles should be used by NGN providers. As service and application examples, two promising NGN applications are proposed. The first is a strong authentication mechanism that makes Web applications more safe and secure even against password theft. It is based on NGN ID federation function. The second provides an easy peer-to-peer broadband virtual private network service aimed at safe and secure communication for personal/SOHO ( , ) users, based on NGN SIP (session initiation protocol) session control.

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Objectives: Perceived organizational support is a broad perception by employees about the extent to which their employer values their contributions and cares about their well-being. We examined the relationship between workplace vaccination opportunities for COVID-19 provided by companies and increases and decreases in perceived organizational support, using a prospective cohort study.

Methods: This study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire survey in Japan. In total, 18 560 people responded to the follow-up, and were included in this study. The odds ratios (ORs) for the association between company-arranged vaccination opportunities and high perceived organizational support at the follow-up for participants (a) with low perceived organizational support at the baseline (n = 4971), and (b) with high perceived organizational support at the baseline (n = 6912) were separately estimated using a multilevel logistic model.

Results: The OR of high perceived organizational support at the follow-up after low baseline levels was significantly higher in participants given a vaccination opportunity than those not given this opportunity (OR 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-1.67; p < .001). The OR of high perceived organizational support at the follow-up after high baseline levels was also significantly highly in participants given a vaccination opportunity than not (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.23-1.54; p < .001). These significant differences remained after adjusting for workplace infection control measures.

Conclusions: Employee health support provided through a workplace vaccination program can contribute to high perceived organizational support.

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SOHO ( ) becomes a hot topic in the mass media etc. and the number of SOHO workers goes on increasing steadily for several years. SOHO workers can do the work at home or wherever, along with the development of improved information technology and the diffusion of network. It is the first step to create an environment to realize the needs of SOHO worker's. But SOHO workers are facing to some problems after they become sole proprietors, such as the problem of raising funds, the heavy tax system, the development of business partners, and the lower social cognition of SOHO workers. In order to solve these problems, several supporting organizations are formed, such as public agencies, private enterprises, non-profit organizations (NPO), SOHO workers network etc. Each sector attempts to support the development of SOHO, which provide hardware and software including office, training programs, and so on. This thesis presents a case study of MITAKA city in Tokyo, which makes local authorities as a policy to support the development of urban industry. This thesis is organized as follows. In chapter 1, the background of building SOHO CITY in MITAKA and the features of supporting system are described. And I take up the survey results that are evaluated by SOHO workers. In chapter 2, the features of the SOHO workers in MITAKA and the problems of SOHO are illustrated. In chapter 3, the actual situation of SOHO workers is expressed by using transaction cost approach. Now, the costs of information searching can be reduced due to the development of information technology. On the other hand, the credit costs are increasing. In order to decrease the credit costs. I insist on making a community. Community builds a future-oriented relationship between person and person. It is possible to solve the problem by making a community. The successful community cases of "RAKUTEN-ICHIBA" and "WASEDA Shopping Association" are also introduced in this section. Finally, chapter 4 concludes the thesis. I compare successful community with SOHO support plan of MITAKA. I make it appear that MITAKA has to establish community next phase, and propose a SOHO community model to support the development of MITAKA.

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Background: It is important to achieve herd immunity by vaccinating as many people as possible to end the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the relationship between willingness to receive vaccination and sources of health information among those who did not want to be vaccinated against COVID-19.

Methods: This prospective cohort study collected data using a self-administered questionnaire survey. The baseline survey was conducted during December 22–25, 2020, and the follow-up survey during February 18–19, 2021. Participants were aged 20–65 years and worked at the time of the baseline survey (N = 33,087). After excluding 6,051 invalid responses, we included responses from 27,036 participants at baseline. In total, 19,941 people responded to the follow-up survey (74% follow-up rate). We excluded 7,415 participants who answered “yes” to the question “If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, would you like to get it?” in the baseline survey. We finally analyzed 12,526 participants.

Results: The odds ratio for change in willingness to be vaccinated from “no” to “yes” differed by source of health information. Compared with workers that used TV as a source of information, significantly fewer people who reported getting information from the Internet and friends/colleagues were willing to get the vaccine.

Conclusions: It is important to approach workers who do not watch TV when implementing workplace vaccination programs. It is likely that willingness to be vaccinated can be increased through an active company policy whereby the top management recommend vaccination, coupled with an individual approach by occupational health professionals.

Trial registration: Not applicable.

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It is generally acknowledged that non-closed space can be more easily adapted to family lifestyle changes in terms of house planning today, but some residents have raised the issue of indoor environment in the non-closed space. The aim of this paper is to understand how environmental factors can be changed according to different furniture layouts and to examine how residents respond to the environment condition in different non-closed spaces. The study utilized computational building simulations to understand the environmental condition and observes the residents′ behavior to understand the living style of different furniture layouts. From the simulation results and observation of behavior, the paper compares the environmental condition and the living style to interpret the cause and effect between the environment and behavior. SI housing (Skeleton and Infill Housing) can be assumed as one of the eligible examples of non-closed space and the study selects an existing SI housing unit to conduct the test. It was found that the environment condition is one of the important factors that influence behavior, and a layout with various environment conditions allows the resident to behave with more ease within their preferred environment condition.

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In this study, the process of induction of mutual cooperation behavior in workers in a remote work environment (Telework) was examined experimentally. In the experiment, the gambling task developed by Payen was used, and the subjects were not given the honor information of their partners. In addition, the subjects and their partners were kept in different rooms in order to avoid the influence of conversation. The subjects were only informed about which button their partners pushed. The number of trials was 100. The results show that cooperation behavior was induced in about 20 trials. Even if honor information of the partner was not known by a subject, cooperation behavior was induced by the information about which button the partner pushed. In the control experiments, the subjects were matched with a computer. Results of the control experiments suggest that cooperation behavior was not induced when the human subject was matched with a computer. This suggests that an exchange of information that a human being cannot express by a word (non-verbal information) was necessary for induction of cooperation behavior.

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消費生活用製品のリコールが増加しており、従来の品質管理や信頼性における統計的手法を中心としたリスクの予測・評価方法だけでなく、従来の延長上にない現象や人間行動の予測とその評価が必要になってきている。そこでは、発見的方法など新しい問題発見の手法やシナリオ創発による総合評価などとの融合が期待される。現状の問題点をもとに課題をまとめ、情報科学など他の分野との融合の中に新しいリスク評価の方法が期待できることを示す。

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