The chemical film method which was reported by Walker ( 1949) is reexamined and improved with a 2.5m Hakubasan-maru (a Maier formed cargo boat) and a wall-side model.
The laminar flow area as well as the separated area is clearly detected on both models.
The method is further shown as applicable to stream-line measurements along models when a number of small protrudes are prepared, the diameter and height of which are carefully determined and varied referring to the flow characteristics of the boundary layer at each distance from the bow.

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The paper focuses on the problem of cultural borrowing and the invention of tradition. The study shows how local business and political elites used one community to achieve their commercial goals by importing a food product-olives-and inventing a local tradition by legitimizing practices. I analyze the process of the invention of the olive tradition and its naturalization with a view to the strategies, techniques, participants and results. I argue that olives are naturalized successfully on a visual level, as a symbol which builds local identity, but the invented tradition fails to be active on an everyday life level. The local people regard Shodoshima as the 'Olive Island', producing various practices and activities aimed at maintaining that image, but the actual consumption of olives is restricted in their eating habits. This very gap in the existence of the olives together with the lack of daily consumption demonstrates their invented tradition.

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National College of Technology focuses on developing of human resources with outstanding capacity for technological development. In the education for electronics engineering technicians, it is necessary to teach the knowledge of Op-Amp which plays critical roles in various electronic circuits. In a real-world classroom situation, however, we constantly face the problem of lack of measurement hardware because each student needs a function generator and an oscilloscope to learn the signal amplification circuit of Op-Amp. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a method to learn the signal amplification circuit of Op-Amp using “SoftOscillo2” .

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This study focuses on Beatrice Hastings (1879–1943), a journalist from South Africa, who became one of the editors of The New Age, a modernist magazine supported by the Fabian Art League. She also contributed essays to the magazine, covering topics such as South African independence, domestic politics, and Ezra Pound’s literary criticism. Above all, she was concerned with feminist issues. While her volume of articles exceeded that of Alfred Orage, an editor-in-chief, her essays have not been fully examined.

To express her views on feminism, Hastings used numerous pseudonyms, which was a common practice for writers at the turn of the twentieth century. Katherine Mansfield and Ezra Pound used pseudonyms to write for The New Age. However, Hastings was most prolific, confessing in her memoir that she used thirteen pseudonyms in her lifetime. What makes her writing intriguing is that her views changed from pseudonym to pseudonym and lacked coherency. Nowhere is this tendency more salient than in her writing about feminism. This paper delves into her articles on feminism from 1908 to 1913 and clarifies that she used pseudonyms to establish “public sphere,” which was a keyword that characterised modernist periodicals in the early twentieth century.

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The natural period of roll of ships in any condition can in general be obtained by the well known formula T=2πK√<gm>, where K is the transverse radius of gyration of ship, m the metacentric height and g the acceleration due to gravity. The radius of gyration has hitherto been expressed by the breadth moulded and recently by the breadth and depth moulded, but these simple methods can not afford satisfactory results. After investigations of rolling materials of many vessels, new formulae for K have been found to give sufficiently accurate values. For merchant vessels the formula is written as
(K/B)²=f[C_bc_u+1.10C_u(1-C_b)(H/d-2.20)+H/B²].
where B is the breadth moulded, C_b the block coefficient, C_u the upper deck area coefficient, H the effective depth, i e, the depth moulded plus mean height of projected areas on Profile of erections and deckhouses, d the mean draught and f the coefficient depending on the type of ship. The value of f is 0.125 for passenger, passenger and cargo, and cargo vessels. The formula for K of warships is of the same form as for merchant vessels. The errors of K-values obtained by the new formulae have been shown within the limits of about 3 per cent.

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The present paper contains an empirical analysis of the equations of motion for the turning circle on the basis of the pivoting, point of a ship, and a comparison of the results of this analysis with those on a turning trial made with a self-propelling model and the ship itself.

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The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, in its current Curriculum Standards for high school English, emphasizes the development of Japanese EFL learners’ attitudes towards cross-cultural understanding. The present research aims to provide insights to enhance learners’ interaction skills in fostering cross-cultural understanding. Drawing on prior findings on government-approved textbooks and learner-native speaker interaction, two studies were conducted: one on written dialogue models in textbooks and another on authentic spoken interactions where topics related to the interlocutors’ cultural backgrounds were discussed. Study One investigates the design of dialogues in textbooks. The results indicate that these dialogues often rely excessively on a question-answer pair format, causing them to appear as contrived, formal interviews based on simplified categories of nationalities. Study Two examines face-to-face, spontaneous conversations between Japanese EFL learners and native English speakers from the United Kingdom. The results reveal that while question-answer pairs are also prevalent in these naturally-occurring exchanges, learners tend to be less reactive when listening and less coherent or collaborative in topic management. These findings offer implications for the future development of teaching materials.

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The effect of breadth on the frictional resistance of a flat plate can be explained by the boundary layer around edges of the plate. As the first approximation this may be obtained without considering an athwart flow induced by non-uniform thickness of the layer. To solve this problem, the authors showed that when the coordinate system is properly chosen the equations of motion can be reduced to a single equation in the direction of main flow, and that the elliptic coordinates are almost satisfactory to this condition. Thus the equation to be solved is simplified as eq. (4. 1) in this paper.
The velocity distribution is obtained by the momentum transfer theory with some modifications corresponding to thd elliptic coordinates. Putting this velocity in the momentum equation, the frictional resistance of the plate is calculated as a function of its Reynolds number and aspect ratio.
The results are shown in figs. 3, 4 and 5. Fig. 3 is the distribution of shearing stress in the athwart direction, Fig. 4 the experiments by several authorities, and Fig. 5 the percentage increase of the resistance.

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摩擦抵抗に対する横曲率の影響を求めるために, 円筒面外側を流れる乱流境界層を混合距離理論で解いた. この際速度分布及びτ₀とR_xとの関係にγ₀の影響を考慮した.
計算結果は定性的, 定量的にほぼHughesの実験と一致した. また普通の船型ではこの影響は模型でも1-0%の程度で実用的には考慮の必要がないという常識的な結論を得た.
終りに数値計算の労を煩わした仲渡道夫助手に感謝の意を表する.

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Three Bridgman growth experiments were performed during the FOTON M4 mission in 2014. The aim of these experiments was to determine the influence of different convective states within the melt volume on the properties of the growing crystal. Transitions between different melt flow regimes were enforced during the ongoing growth by the application of rotating magnetic fields of different strengths and vibrations of different amplitude. A significant influence of the melt flow conditions on the Ga incorporation in the Ge crystal was observed for the µg crystals. The 1 G reference crystals, grown as well in the POLIZON 2 furnace (flight model) with the same parameters, showed always the expected dopant distribution as predicted by Scheil for complete mixing conditions. The buoyancy convection dominates the melt convection induced by the different RMFs or vibrations. The crystals were investigated by Differential Interference Contrast microscopy after structural etching, synchrotron topography to determine the structural quality, and spatially resolved resistivity measurements to determine the axial Ga segregation.

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　　The aim of this paper is to critically analyze both quantitatively and qualitatively how the interjections ‘Oh' and ‘Ah' are presented in English textbooks for junior high school students. Frequently used in oral discourse, ‘Oh' and ‘Ah' have been traditionally regarded just as grammatically optional ‘fillers' with empty meanings. However, linguistic studies have shown their noticeable functions as pragmatic markers. This paper first discusses pragmatics of ‘Oh' and ‘Ah' in order to show how their pragma-functional meanings contrast in one way or the other and at what token frequencies they are used in naturally occurring discourse. Then in comparison with those in naturalistic discourse token frequencies of ‘Oh' and ‘Ah' in MEXT textbooks are analyzed. The appropriateness of their uses in the text and context is also examined in reference to the discussion on ‘Oh' and ‘Ah' pragmatics. The results of the quantitative analysis demonstrated an extreme discrepancy, contrary to the prediction based on a general token tendency in naturalistic discourse, that ‘Ah' was rarely used in the textbooks while ‘Oh' was extensively used at over 200 tokens. Furthermore, the results from the qualitative analysis indicated that there existed certain contentious cases where ‘Ah,' instead of ‘Oh,' seemed more or less appropriate in the context. On the basis of these results, this paper concludes with implications for textbook writers and English teachers suggesting that it is necessary to raise their awareness toward pragmatic aspects in oral discourse as a means to improve texts in English textbooks and to enhance students' discourse competence as part of the total communicative competence.

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