For new car body of railway vehicles, it is necessary to evaluate vibration characteristics as well as strength, stiffness and fatigue. In order to evaluate vibrations on car body floor of the Korean-standardized rubber- light rail vehicle, peak vibrations (ride comfort coefficients) were analyzed for momentary ride comfort evaluation and the r.m.s values (ride comfort level) were considered for long-term ride comfort evaluations in accordance with JNR (Japanese National Railway) criteria. In-field tests were performed along the test track (about 2.4 km) by using the developed 2-car train. It was verified that the car body of the Korean-standardized rubber- light rail vehicles had satisfactory vibration characteristics for passengers' comfort.

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With the evolution and spread of information technologies including Web, the amount of information that users can obtain has dramatically increased. Huge quantities of information have made it difficult for users to reach their desired information. In order to address this problem, various information recommendation systems including cooperative filtering have studied and developed with certain results. Many of traditional studies on information recommendation provide a method to statistically determine, based on the user's preferences and behavioral history, the right information to recommend. Because the user's request depends on their situation as well, there are also information recommendation studies that take the user context into consideration. These traditional studies, however, aim at recommending highly satisfactory information in a one-time or small number of uses of a system or service, and never take it into account that the user would feel of the same system or service after they have used it many times over. In reality, if the user can obtain information to their preference, they would feel very satisfied with it at first, however, if they are only presented with similar information every time, they may eventually get of the system and cease to use it. Consequently, in order to realize an information recommendation system that the user wants to continue to use, you need consideration of a human nature of being of the same thing, as well as interaction design for information recommendation that leverages its characteristics. This study has modeled the human nature of being of the same thing and enabled the measurement of the degree of such boredom. Also, the study has implemented an information recommendation system that has features to (1) visualize the degree of the user's boredom and (2) recommend information that can reduce it. Then, an evaluation experiment was conducted using a system developed. The result shows that an information recommendation system proposed in this study can get the user less bored and more satisfied when used continuously. In addition, it enables the user to make various choices even in a limited content. These results suggest that both information recommendation based on a Kansei model of human boredom and interaction that visualizes the degree of the user's boredom and makes them conscious of it work well for their continuous use of the system.

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The relations between properties of compacted soils, water content, coarse particle content and compactive effort were studied. The index properties of soils which are preferable for core material in our country were obtained. The added materials to mix in the core, and one of the field mixing methods were also explained. Field compaction method was studied and it was discovered that tamping roller was fitted for soils at optimum water content and rubber roller was fitted even for the wetter side. Some considerations have been made for tamping roller.The method for controlling field compaction was discussed, and the allowable limits of soil conditions were considered to be not necessary to fix within a narrow range determined by soil tests.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the psychological factors of bus drivers' instability that were related to bus passengers' accidents according to the hypothesis model based on the stress concept of Lazarus and Folkman (1984). This research was carried out in 2006. Participants of the study were 39 Japanese male bus drivers. Their average age was 40.2 (SD: 11.1). The average duration of employment was 4.5 (SD:6.1) years. A questionnaire was used that was composed of items concerning the frequency of bus passengers' accidents, performance of safe driving, job stressors, stress reaction and recognition from others. Based on the results, a model assuming that stress reaction caused by job stressors disturbed the bus driver's safe driving and was associated with passengers' accidents in the bus was verified to some degree. Especially, melancholy and feeling toward passengers showed a strong relation to the passengers' accidents in the bus. This suggested much room for intervention. Moreover, the recognition from others of their job was confirmed to act as a control factor of the stress reaction.

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The self-powered active vibration control systems, which produce control force using energy regenerated by dampers are applied to suspensions of rubber- vehicles. Such systems do not require external energy to produce control force. To discuss the feasibility, the balance between the regenerated and the consumed energy is examined through numerical simulations. The results indicate that the system can achieve active control that has better isolation performance than a passive and a semi-active control system under the condition only with the regenerated energy.

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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects and safety of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma extract (CDX), which was given to elderly persons as a 12-week oral administration via CDX containing health food.
Methods: A non-controlled open study was conducted with 25 elderly persons, without severe illness. Participants were given test product containing 100 mg of CDX as well as vitamin E, vitamin B6, ubiquinone, zinc and fukoidan, by oral administration for 12 weeks, with examination conducted before and after the study.
Results: Subjective symptoms of “ eyes” and “feeling all the time” were significantly improved after 12 weeks. With regard to anthropometric measurements, pulse rate was significantly reduced (−8.0%, p = 0.002). Biochemical examinations showed significant changes in white blood cell count (−14.1%, p ‹ 0.001), platelet count (−4.3%, p = 0.040), albumin (−3.7%, p ‹ 0.001), albumin/globulin ratio (−3.7%, p = 0.016), and fasting blood sugar (−10.2%, p = .039). Immune function was significantly improved with elevation of percentage of CD4 positive cells (6.1%, p = 0.003), CD4/CD8 ratio (20.2%, p = 0.002) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (11.7%, p = 0.024) accompanied by a decrease in percentage of CD8 positive cells (−7.7%, p = 0.022). Arteriosclerosis examinations by fingertip acceleration pulse wave analysis showed significant improvement in vascular age (−4.2%, p = 0.016) and significant decrease in cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) (right: −10.9%, p ‹ 0.001, left: −12.6%, p ‹0.001).
Conclusion: The test product appears to promote quality of life by decreasing fatigue, activating immune function and favorably affecting the vascular system in the elderly. No severe adverse effects were observed during the study.

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Objectives: To prospectively investigate the reciprocal associations between tiredness at work (TAW) and exposure to bullying behaviors and to determine the role of conflict management climate (CMC) as a moderator of these associations.

Methods: A two-wave national probability sample of employees in Sweden (18 months between waves, 921 participated at both waves) measuring TAW, workplace bullying, and CMC. Structural equation modelling was used to test four hypotheses about the longitudinal associations between feeling

at work and bullying, and CMC as a moderator for the two directions.

Results: In the analyses of cross-lagged effects, tiredness was significantly associated with an increase in subsequent bullying (β = 0.08, P = .01). Exposure to bullying was not associated with changes in tiredness. CMC moderated the association between tiredness and subsequent bullying (β = −0.13, 95% CI [−0.19, −0.08]), showing an increased risk of exposure to bullying behaviors following tiredness when CMC was low and decreased risk when CMC was high.

Conclusions: TAW is a risk factor for subsequent bullying. Finding ways to help employees to reduce tiredness not only will help them perform better at work but also reduce the risk of them becoming targets of bullying. A strong CMC can act as a buffer if a

person provoke aggression from co-workers.

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Dogs, in which the operation area was previously de-afferented, were experimented on. The procedure for collecting the suprarenal vein blood through the lumbar approach was performed, namely with-out their being fastened or without their giving any evidence of pain. The dogs were compelled to run on a paved road or in a revolving wheel.
(1) When the animals presented no signs of fatigue or were slightly after a run of 360 to 6840 meters, the rate of the epinephrine secretion remained almost unaltered, while in the animals which were much fatigued or exhausted, by running 760 to 2565 meters, the rate was increased from the quiet value of 0.000015-0.000025 mgrm. from one suprarenal capsule per kilo and per minute to 0.00003-0.0001 mgrm.: This peak being noted a few minutes or about a half hour after running. The magnitude of acceleration was thus very small and its duration was short, ad maximum about one hour after run-ning. Whether the epinephrine discharge will be accelerated, though only a little, depends directly upon the condition of the animal, whe-ther exhausted or not, and not directly upon the magnitude of the work.
(2) In cases where the animals presented no signs of exhaustion, the blood from the femoral artery, taken soon after cessation of the muscular exertion, exhibited only a slight rise of the glycaemic level or no change. In cases where the animals were exhausted from the muscular effort, the glycaemic percentage showed a tendency to de-crease, though slightly, sooner or later.

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This study aimed to identify the educational effects of pair-work applications for Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners enrolled in English classes at a Japanese university. The classes were conducted for 15 weeks during the first semester of 2022. In every class, students participated in an English-speaking activity involving 60-minute conversation sessions. The researcher taught the classes and analyzed data collected from pre- and post-tasks respectively conducted in April and August. The study’s participants comprised 10 Japanese EFL learners who were third-year engineering students at a Japanese university. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results demonstrated improved English fluency in the participating students. More importantly, the English classes motivated students and inculcated a more cooperative attitude in them. Short practice sessions performed during ordinary English classes at a Japanese university were quite effective in enhancing the English fluency and communication skills of Japanese EFL learners.

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[Purpose] We aimed to obtain new findings by investigating the relationship between the presence or absence of falls and the results from the Frailty Screening Index (FSI), which can be easily carried out. [Participants and Methods] A total of 780 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥65 years) were classified based on whether they had fallen in the past year as those who had fallen at least once (fall group), and those who had not (non-fall group). We compared the study groups using sub-items of the FSI to extract more specific fall-related factors. The FSI is a questionnaire that comprises five items with simple ‘yes/no’ responses. [Results] The following three out of five sub-items of the FSI were extracted as fall-related factors: 1) “no” to the question, “Do you do physical exercise, like walking, at least once a week?”; 2) “yes” to the question, “Do you think you walk slower than before?”; and 3) “yes” to the question, “Have you felt

for no reason (in the past two weeks)?” [Conclusion] The study results suggest the significance of paying attention to participant responses to the sub-items on the FSI, instead of merely determining their frailty risk based on their total score.

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In this paper, the tracking control problem and the anti-sway control problem for the rubber transfer crane are considered. Since the transfer crane swerves form the demanded course, it needs the tracking control to keep the demanded course. At the same time, the anti-sway control is needed to control the vibration of the building. Generally, since the model of the transfer crane can be expressed as one of nonholonomic system, it is difficult to design a controller. This paper propose a design method of a controller to keep the demanded course and control the vibration.

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Japan is in the process of a long-term population decline, and there are concerns that the domestic tourism will shrink due to this population decline. However, as the population of people over 65 years old is estimated to increase until around 2042, the elderly are an important segment of the tourism industry. The number of trips by age group is below average for those aged 70 and older. Health reasons are reported as a disincentive to travel for this age group, which is higher than for other age groups, as is the desire not to be troubled by the inability to keep up with the pace of others. The authors are carrying out research on the derivation of tourism activity ability to promote tourism among the elderly. As part of this study, a preliminary experiment of sightseeing tours was conducted and the fatigue level during sightseeing activities was evaluated by objective and subjective indices. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relationship between the degree of fatigue and the amount of daily activity. From these results, it is possible to obtain the beginning stages of deriving tourism activity ability of the elderly.

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This paper capitalizes on two peculiar properties of Mandarin Chinese resultative constructions that pose problems for a general theory of argument structure and parametric theory: (a) the widespread existence of unergative objectless resultatives, and (b) the possibility for both unaccusatives and unergatives to be causativized. It is proposed that these properties are reduced to the single possibility in Chinese (but not in English) for an unergative verb to merge as a manner modifier of an inchoative eventuality predicate BECOME in event structure. This parametric property is in turn reduced to a property of Chinese as a language of high analyticity. In opposition to certain recent models, the paper argues for the existence of a syntax-lexicon macro-parameter.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Probe Reaction Time (P-RT) and fatigue in normal young adults induced by climbing up and down stairs. This study examined how P-RT changes depending on the degree of fatigue. [Subjects] Twelve healthy subjects (4 males, 8 females) participated in this study. [Methods] Subjects were asked to climb up and down stairs while the P-RT and the heart rate (HR) were measured. The speed of climbing up and down stairs was decided by the subjects. [Results] The general ANOVA was significant and showed that P-RT after climbing up and down several times was different from that of the first time. Furthermore, the HR and P-RT were correlated. [Conclusion] The result of this research show that when someone is by climbing stairs, their P-RT is likely to be longer.

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China is a populous country, it is well known that there are many people who need treatment. The majority of patients are looking forward to big hospitals of urban to accept treatments. As the number of patients is increasing, the load of medical workers is more and more heavy. It is hard-won for medical workers to have a long holiday, because it will take a huge burden to colleagues. So to alleviate the mental stress has become a urgent affair instead of a long holiday. The Morita therapy is a kind of behavioral treatment which comes from Japan. It is valuable to consider whether this kind of treatment is useful for medical workers. We begin our research towards the direction of alleviating the mental stress of the hospital staff. As the core of the Morita therapy, it is important to understand the meaning of leting nature taking its course. It is impossible to alleviate the tension and reduce the incidence rate of obsessive compulsive disorder even if doing a lot of works. We advance our research based on this opinion. The fear in the obsessive concept is a difficulty in the Morita therapy. We want to provide a relaxing circumstance for patients to help them relax themselves. Thus we consider that it is impossible to help them relax by the use of music. Not all the music is available for one person. People have found that the treatment effect is related to the frequency of music. For example: some people hold the idea that listening to high frequency music does not have a good effect on people who are deeply mired in depression. However, letting them listen to the appropriate music has the effect of adjusting heart.

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これまで，疲労という概念を定量的に取り扱う手法(血中乳酸値など)は多く提案されてきたが，精度・検出分解能・簡便さを同時に満足する手法は存在しない．そこで，本研究では，簡便かつリアルタイムに計測可能な表面筋電位からの疲労を定量化する方法論を提案する．本稿では，疲労に伴う筋電位の振幅・周波数の相互変化に着目することで，疲労の様相を定量的にとらえることが可能であることを示している．

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