Rapid and world-wide progress has been made in gyrotron development. In this paper, gyrotron and its developments are summarized and the 28 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron, which is under development in Toshiba for electron cyclotron resonance heating, is given in detail.

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The acrolein modified PVA(APVA) was prepared by Michael additon of acrolein with PVA. The new water soluble photoresist that consists of APVA and sodium dichromate(SDC) shows higher sensitivity than that of conventional PVA-SDC photoresist.

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PTFE surface property was modified from hydrophobicity to high wetting ability by ArF excimer laser irradiation in Monosodium L- Glutamate Monohydrate (L-Glutamate) solution and in ethyl alcohol solution. The wetting ability of the processed surface was examined by the water contact angle method. The contact angle of the film was improved from 120 degree to 0 degree. By XPS analysis it was shown that amino groups, carbonyl groups, ethylene linkages were substitutionally formed with the release of fluorine atom on the surface. These hydrophilic molecules formed on the processed surface are believed to make the surface hydrophilic. The processed surface showed its original appearance without any stain and physical damage. Spatial resolution of 1μm is obtained with this method.

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An improved, high resolution, low voltage Einzel electron gun was designed with simplified grid structure which allows mandrel beading in production and provides proper shielding from the stray electrostatic field as well. This new gun provides 15% better spot size than the conventional design.

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The corrosion behavior, in particular passivation, of corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) in sour environments was investigated intensively by using a duplex stainless steel and an austenitic stainless steel as representative CRAs. It was found that hydrogen sulfide significantly retarded the passivation of CRAs, whereas carbon dioxide did not. The changes in corrosion morphologies due to the changes in environmental aggressiveness were classified on the basis of the immersion test results. A new criterion for predicting the critical environments for active to passive transition was proposed. The critical environments for the transition of a given alloy can be determined by comparing the pH of environments with the depassivation pH (pH_d) of the material which is a function of environmental factors such as temperature and partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide. The locus of the points having pH=pH_d gave a good estimation for the critical environments. It was confirmed that the prediction was in good agreement with the long-term immersion test results for 6 months. Since this criterion is based on the corrosion mechanism, it has many advantages; the prediction is accurate; the results for CO₂-free environments can be extended to CO₂-containing environments; and the prediction can be performed very quickly.

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A method of evaluating effective irradiance is discussed for photoresist with the reciprocity law failure property irradiated by fluctuating radiation. The resultant formula for evaluating effective irradiance suggests that both reciprocity law failure and time response for the photochemical reaction should be considered when evaluating effective irradiance. This method is used in an irradiance meter which measures the distribution of near ultraviolet effective irradiance. This irradiance meter is applied to the photoresist exposure process in color TV picture fabrication. This meter automatically measures relative irradiance over 51 points on the phosphor screen of a color TV picture , in about 1 min. Reproducibility and accuracy for measured values are estimated to be about 0.2% and 1%, respectively. Absolute irradiance is measured at the center of the screen, with an accuracy of about 3%.

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Elastic constants C₁₁, C₃₃, C₄₄, and C₆₆, and dielectric susceptibilities χ₁₁ and χ₃₃ in LiNbO₃, were determined over the temperature range from 300 to above 1030 K. The elastic-constant difference between constant polarization and constant field C_ii^P−C_ii^E, and the inverse-susceptibility difference between constant strain and constant stress (χ_ii^x)⁻¹−(χ_ii^X)⁻¹ are interpreted in terms of both electrostrictive and higher-order interaction between strain and polarization. The results for χ₃₃ indicate that LiNbO₃ undergoes nearly second-order phase transition at T_C=1410 K. Above T_C, χ₃₃ showed dispersion in the frequency range between 1 and 13 MHz. A comparison of these results with soft-mode frequency implies that the soft mode couples with a low frequency relaxation process near T_C.

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近年のカラー管の大型化に伴う主要な問題のひとつに画面の曲面感の増大が挙げられる。これは画面を平面に近づければ緩和されるが、バルブの真空強度やシャドウマスクのドーミングに対しては不利な条件となる。しかしながら近年、シャドウマスクへのインバー材の導入によってドーミングによる色ずれは約3分の1に抑えられ、従来のフラットフェースよりもさらにフラットな画面を提供できる可能性がでてきた。このフラット化におけるガラスバルブの大きな問題点は、強度、排気工程での爆縮である。これをコンピュータシミュレーションを用いた解析により解決することによりスーパーフラットフェースパネルの開発を実現した。本発表では、それらの解析に用いた技術についてのべる。

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Nasogastric

syndrome (NGTS) is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with nasogastric (NGT) placement. The effect of the NGT size and type on the development of NGTS has not yet been fully elucidated. We herein report the case of a 77-year-old man with cerebral infarction who was complicated with NGTS. The immediate removal of the NGT improved the symptoms of NGTS. Although the NGT was passed through the same route during reinsertion, the use of a softer and smaller-sized NGT did not cause any NGTS recurrence. To prevent the development of NGTS, using a NGT that is appropriate for the patient's condition is important.

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The shadow mask is an important part of the CPT. An improvement method of resolution of flat shadow mask for 64cm Flat Square(FS)CPT is presented and new shadow mask for 64cm FS CPT has been designed. The horizontal pitch of new shadow mask is decreased to 0.57mm from original 0.71mm, but its strength and transmittancy are not affected. In the condition that new mould for making the shadow mask is not required and new CPT is manufactured on the original assemble-line and with process for ordinary 64cm FS CPT, the resolution of new CPT is increased to 730 lines from original 587 lines. The white uniformity and brightness characteristic etc.are equal to those of ordinary CPT. The better picture quality for VGA signals, VCD images and television signals is obtained.

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To improve the focus performance of middle-sized CPT(Color Picture ), a new type of electron gun for 64cm CPT is developed. The new gun is based on the current gun for the large screen CPT. The shield cup of the electron gun for large screen CPT is of a horizontal slit structure which is difficult to be replanted into the middle-sized CPT. So we redesign the shield sub-assembly by adding field controller and correcting electrode. The redesigned gun can be used for the 64cm CPT with no coma-free deflection yoke. The new design improved the focus performance and decreased the cost.

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The electron gun for a large screen color picture generally employ quadrupole lens, so that the positive astigmatism of the gun can cancel the negative astigmatism from the deflection magnetic field in certain sense. It is ideal that the astigmatism of the gun's lenses system remains positive at any operating current. The simulations of several typical guns show that the astigmatism of electron guns can only maintains positive at certain current range. The astigmatism changes from minus to zero and positive while the current increasing in its working range. The more the current is, the bigger the positive astigmatism.

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The fatigue and dynamic creep tests were made under the simulated service condition of turbine blades, i.e. combined stresses of static tension and alternating bending at an elevated temperature of 450°C. The frequency of alternating bending stress was 780 c.p.m. and the test period was 0.2 to 200 hours. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Alternating bending stress superimposed on static tensile stress reduces the fatigue life. 2. Alternating bending stress which is combined with static tensile stress does not always increases creep strain. In the range of small stress ratio (alternating bending stress divided by static stress) alternating bending stress blocks the increase in creep strain. 3. The hindrance of increase in creep strain by alternating bending stress is explained by the hardening effect of materials by stress alternation.

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In general, an X-ray image amplifier with a large field of view is comparatively poor in resolution. It is, therefor, required to employ a small image amplifier (5 inches or 7 inches) in the studies of small objects, such as diagnosis of coronary arteries. In ordinary diagnosis, on the other hand, a large field of view is required and 9 inch or 11 inch image amplifiers are most commonly employed.
The dual fied X-ray image amplifier has been developed to be used in both of these cases.
This paper refers to the principle, construction, and perforemance of the Shimadzu Dual Field Image Amplifier.

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By exhaustive tests carried out at 5 places in 3 undertakings, the following conclusions were drawn:
Total moisture: Disadvantageous to Japanese undertakings in 0.2-2%.
Ash: Some are agreeing, while others are incongruent due to difference of method and apparatus employed for analysis.
Volatile matter: Similar to the case of ash.
Total sulphur: Generally disadvantageous to Japanese side.
Swelling index and Calorific value: Tends to deteriorate due to weathering during transportation.
As for determination of ash, volatile matter and total sulphur, comparative study of JIS (Japan Industrial Standard), ASTM, BS and ISO was also performed.

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