We tested uncooked rice polish (shironuka) for sake making to see if it would provide an effective means of using this by-product of the sake industry. We made sake according to the conventinal sake brewing method, except that we used uncooked shironuka instead of pre-gelatinized rice in the stepwise mashing of the first (Soe), second (Naka), and third addition (). The chemical and mineral components of the sakes were studied, and a sensory evaluation was also carried out. The following results were obtained in comparison with standard sake. 1) The alcohol concentration of sake using shironuka was higher than that made with pre-gelatinized rice, thus shironuka is easily fermentable in the sake mash. 2) Sakes using shironuka had higher amino acidity, isoamyl alcohol, and iron the amount of shironuka was increased. 3) Sake using shironuka at has a lower acidity and lower acetic acid concentration than that at Soe. It was estemated that sake yeasts at produced fewer acid compounds because the concentration of glucose in the mash was lower than that in the Soe mash. 4) In the sensory test, sake using shironuka at was superior to that at Soe. These results indicate that when adding uncooked shironuka at , it should account for less than 10%of the total material used in sake making.

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This study examined whether a home-visiting clinic decreased emergency transportations in the region, using a quasi-experimental approach derived from private practice. This study employed a retrospective observational design and was conducted in suburban

City, Miyagi Prefecture, with a population of approximately 80,000 and an aging population rate of 35.5% in 2020. Information on ambulance services and the age distribution in City was obtained as confidential data from City. Data on ambulance services and age distribution across Japan was obtained from a publicly accessible dataset. We calculated the standardized emergency transportations due to sudden illness ratio (SER), based on the standardized mortality ratio. This ratio represents the relative incidence of emergency transportations due to sudden illnesses in City compared to all of Japan (with 100 for Japan), adjusted for the age distribution in City through an indirect method. The SER increased to 88.2% in 2011, remained high at 89.6% in 2012, and declined from 85.6% in 2013, the year the home-visit clinic was established, to 86.7%, 83.0%, 80.5%, and 78.1%. The findings suggest that home medical care is an effective means of providing medical assistance to homebound patients and may reduce the necessity for hospitalization and ambulance services.

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This paper describes the simple and safe fixation method of a Judo tatami on a gymnasium floor, regardless of the floor's size. A gym is frequently used for Judo competition and practice. Through a simple process, this fixed equipment unit, named -Taro, can set up tatami that precisely corresponds to the size and shape of a gymnasium floor. Experimental results at a Judo competition and training camp revealed that all tatami could be installed and securely fixed in place during only a week's time. In addition, the gym's floor surface suffered no damage during the tatami's installation, because the -Taro fixation unit is made of foam urethane, which will also improve the safety of the Judo competitors. This fixed equipment unit is registered by intellectual property rights (copyright No.230467) and utility model (No.3138192). It is being commercially marketed by the Ishii Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as the simple Judo tatami installation unit “Dobashi's -Taro”.

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This essay presents the story of the Japanese diaspora community of

-Açu in the Brazilian Amazon as a basis for reflecting on the challenges of maintaining social and economic vitality of rural areas in many parts of the world. Over the years, -Açu farmers faced the struggle of finding viable land-use and economic systems to sustain their community, promote prosperity and engage the younger generations. They experienced economic booms and busts associated with monoculture and global markets. They re-emerged from economic collapse by developing a production system based on agroforestry systems and diverse land use strategies. -Açu farmers have cooperated to develop value-added industries for their production. Notwithstanding their specific historical-geographical context, their ability to craft and re-craft cooperative institutions, their agricultural experimentation with regional plants and forest products, and their entrepreneurship in creating value-added industries offer an opportunity to reflect on the potentials and challenges faced by rural communities in an urbanized world.

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We evaluated thrombus extension in the proximal stump of the saphenous vein at 6 days, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks after saphenous vein surgery performed between July 2013 and March 2014 (18 patients, 29 limbs, and 31 stumps) using duplex ultrasonography. All thrombotic events were classified as endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). Thrombus was observed in 27 stumps (87.1%), with only four (12.9%) stumps remaining without thrombus on postoperative day 6. Thrombus as EHIT class 2 was observed in one stump and as EHIT class 3 in another; in the remaining 25 stumps, it was observed as EHIT class 1 postoperatively. No further extension of thrombus was found at 4 and 16 weeks after surgery. The rate of thrombus formation in the proximal stump of the saphenous vein after conventional surgery is comparatively higher than that after thermoablation techniques. Further studies are required to determine adequate evaluation methods and appropriate therapies for stump thrombosis after varicose vein surgery. (This article is a translation of J Jpn Coll Angiol 2015; 55: 105–110).

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We evaluated the clinical features and the risks of 14 patients with 14 limbs affected by saphenous vein thrombophlebitis from April 2007 to May 2013 and compared the results with patients undergoing operative repair of varicose veins (127 patients, 193 limbs) during the study period. The frequency of patients with a body mass index over 25 (78.6% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.0018), varicose change in the saphenous vein (78.6% vs. 6.2%, p <0.0001), and concurrent thrombosis in another vein (50.0% vs. 7.1%, p <0.0001) were all significantly higher than those of the patients under operative repair for varicose veins. These patients with clinical features above may be at an elevated risk of thrombophlebitis of the saphenous trunk. (This article is a translation of J Jpn Coll Angiol 2014; 54: 151–157).

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Chapter 1: This study draws attention to facilities concerning the gogura that were located along the Abukuma River in the Shintatsu region for the shipping of jomai to Edo. It aims to clarify the fact of their spatial structures based on valuable illustrations, mura-meisai-tyo (details of a village), and other historical sources. In the Mid-Edo period, there existed facilities called yose-gura and

-ya along the Abukuma River in that region. The yose-gura were formed by gathering village gogura in one place. The rice stored in the yose-gura was taken to the riverside and loaded onto boats as jomai. The -ya were facilities for storing jomai by the riverside and were jointly set up by villages that were unable to set up a yose-gura near the riverside. Both facilities were common sights in the Mid-Edo period. In the Late Edo period, each village would set up their own facilities by the riverside.

Chapter 2: This chapter discusses previous research and the process of this study. It is concerned with the facilities of 10 towns and villages along the Abukuma River, where the existence of buildings is attested in historical sources.

Chapter 3: This showed each facility’s structure and building overviews for each town or village. The discussion on riverside facilities included the actual circumstances of the

-ya on the right bank of the Abukuma River (Tenjin bank and Watari bank of Watari Village, Shinobu County as well as Nakaze Village, Date County) in the Mid-Edo period and of the “kawagishi-okura” on the Tenjin bank in the Late Edo period. Meanwhile, the discussion on gogura included the actual circumstances of the yose-gura in the Mid-Edo period (Watari bank and Kori Village, Date County on the left bank of the Abukuma River) and of the Higashi-oeda Village’s gogura-syo during the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Chapter 4: The commonalities and spatial structural techniques of the various riverside facilities and the gogura were considered. The former

-ya were likely a building which villages share according to the amount of rice regardless of area. That is, they were row houses. Some of these were simply wooden structures called amaya. The latter yose-gura of the Mid-Edo period had two case concerning the building method depending on size. First is to gather each village's gogura, it is called “bunto”. Second is row house. The gogura-syo on the left bank of the Abukuma River in Date County were bunto that inherited the tradition of the yose-gura of the Mid-Edo period. The arrangement of buildings at the Higashi-oeda Village’s gogura-syo during the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate likely reflected the geographical conditions of each village to avoid congestion when delivering the rice.

Chapter 5: The conclusion. Yose-gura and

-ya in the Shintatsu region during the Mid-Edo period were at the heart of a system where villages worked together to transport jomai, a practice that continued in the gogura-syo during the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

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In this paper, we introduce a new definition of the Ricci curvature on cell-complexes and prove the Gauss-Bonnnet type theorem for graphs and 2-complexes that decompose closed surfaces. The differential forms on a cell complex are defined as linear maps on the chain complex, and the Laplacian operates this differential forms. Our Ricci curvature is defined by the combinatorial Bochner-Weitzenböck formula. We prove some propositionerties of combinatorial vector fields on a cell complex.

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In turning processes, effective chip control is crucial for preventing machining issues such as tool damage, workpiece surface defects, and equipment malfunctions caused by cutting chips. This paper introduces a novel chipbreaking method using a triangular tool path to enhance chip management without compromising surface quality. The technique involves creating a triangular motion in the cutting tool, enabling intermittent air cuts that effectively break chips. This approach can be implemented easily by modifying existing CNC programs, without requiring specialized tools or equipment. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully breaks continuous chips into smaller segments, significantly reducing chip-related risks. Surface roughness remained comparable to conventional turning, demonstrating that this method preserves surface quality. However, a drawback of the triangular tool path is the increased machining time due to extended tool movement. To mitigate this, higher feed rates were applied during rough-cutting stages, reducing machining time without affecting surface roughness or roundness. This study highlights the potential of a triangular tool path as a practical solution for chip control in unmanned and automated machining environments. Although further optimization is needed to improve machining time, this method offers a flexible and cost-effective option for enhanced chip management.

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Low-frequency vibration cutting (VC) is a machining technology wherein a tool periodically vibrates to break cutting chips. However, VC produces tool paths that include air cuts to break up chips, which deteriorates surface roughness and roundness. This study aims to address these limitations. Low-frequency vibrations are applied to both the upper and lower turrets of a multitasking lathe. To improve surface roughness with simultaneous VC, this study presents a theoretical method to calculate the optimal values for frequency and amplitude of VC and the starting positions of the Z-axis of two upper and lower turrets. Simulations and actual machining experiments were conducted after adjusting VC frequency and amplitude and the starting positions of Z-axis of both turrets. Results show that the surface roughness improves with two-turret simultaneous VC compared to one-turret single VC in stainless steel and brass machining experiments, while succeeding in breaking up cutting chips. Furthermore, the surface roughness of simultaneous VC is improved to a level close to that of single and simultaneous conventional cutting (CC) results in stainless steel. Although there is some variation in material, the roundness of simultaneous VC is generally improved compared to single VC and CC. For the machining of brass, the roundness results of the simultaneous VC were better than those of single CC, VC, and simultaneous CC.

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In older adults, muscle weakness contributes greatly to functional restrictions on daily living activities, increased risk of falls, and adverse physiological changes. It has been suggested that not only muscle mass but also muscular infiltration of noncontractile elements may influence muscular performance such as strength and rapid force production. It is proved that resistance training may provoke substantial increases in muscle size even if it is performed at low intensities in older individuals. Also, recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of resistance training on muscle quality such as muscular infiltration of noncontractile elements for older people. This review shows the age-related changes in muscle mass and muscle quality, which were measured by muscle echo intensity on ultrasound images, and low-intensity resistance training effects on muscle volume and muscle quality.

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In this paper, the hydraulic design of Tamagawa Waterworks at Edo in the later Edo Era is discussed by use of historical literatures “Tamagawa Jyousui ”. The engineers recognized the hydraulic phenomena encountered at the combined flow of open channel and pipe. The inclination of the pipe networks of Tamagawa waterworks is similnr to that of modern sewer system. The pipe network is deigned on the sectional area and the depth of flow at the mouth ofindividual inlet.

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