Intraocular Pressure, Ocular Hypertension, and Glaucoma: A Comparison of

White

and

Blue

Collar Workers: Imran Ahmad QURESHI, et al. Department of Physiology, Rawalpindi Medical College—The course of glaucoma is an insidious one and most cases remains asymptomatic until the visual field has been seriously diminished. Consequently, it is a disease suited to a preventive approach. The intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and prevalence of ocular hypertension and glaucoma have never been described in industrial workers. After controlling all IOP affecting factors, we investigated levels of intraocular pressure and its association with certain health parameters along with the prevalence of ocular hypertension and glaucoma in healthy collar workers in Karachi, the largest city in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. In both groups, the histogram shows a skew to the right, so that the distribution was not Gaussian. This study reports that on an average, per decade, white collars have 1.1 mmHg (p<0.001) higher IOP than blue collar subjects. The average per decade increases were 0.47 mmHg and 0.33 mmHg in collar workers respectively. The age effect was statistically insignificant until the age of 40 years in both groups, after which it became quite significant. Differences in mean IOP (left minus right) were found to be 0.15 mmHg (p<0.2), and 0.12 mmHg (p<0.05) in collar subjects, respectively. In normal subjects IOP was weakly but statistically significantly correlated with the heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and age were found to be risk factors for ocular hypertension. In both normotensive and ocular hypertensive subjects, weight and height were not correlated significantly. Ocular hypertensive subjects (IOP≥21 mmHg) were 2.48 times more numerous in white collar than in blue collar subjects. Most of the ocular hypertensive and several glaucoma patients were diagnosed during this survey. The results therefore strongly suggest that in routine health examination, tonometry should be included.

抄録全体を表示

Objective: The times spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with health outcomes; however, objective data on physical activity levels including SB among different occupations is limited. We compared accelerometer-measured times spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and MVPA, and the patterns associated with prolonged bouts of SB between

- -collar workers. Methods: The study population consisted of 102 full-time plant workers (54 white-collar and 48 blue-collar) who wore a triaxial accelerometer during waking hours for 5 working days. Accelerometer-measured activity levels were categorized as SB (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs)), LPA (1.6-2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥3.0 METs). A sedentary bout was defined as consecutive minutes during which the accelerometer registered less than ≤1.5 METs. Accelerometer variables were compared between - -collar workers through analysis of covariance. Results: During working hours, white-collar workers spent significantly more time in SB and less time in LPA than blue-collar workers (SB: 6.4 h vs. 4.8 h, 73% vs. 55% of total work time; LPA: 1.9 h vs. 3.5 h, 22% vs. 40% of total work time, p<.001), whereas the MVPA time was similar between the groups. White-collar workers spent significantly more SB time in prolonged sedentary bouts (≥30 min) compared to blue-collar workers. During leisure time, the SB, LPA, and MVPA times were similar between the groups. Conclusions: White-collar workers have significantly longer SB times than blue-collar workers during work hours, and do not compensate for their excess SB during work by reducing SB during leisure time.

抄録全体を表示

The effects of different light wavelengths on in vitro asymbiotic germination of mature seeds and seedling growth of Bletilla ochracea Schltr. were examined using five wavelengths from light emitting diodes with peak wavelengths of 470 nm (blue), 525 nm (green), 590 nm (orange), 625 nm (red), and from white light emitting diodes at 40 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Gellan gum solidified New Dogashima medium without plant growth regulators was used as germination medium. Cultures were maintained at 25°C under 24 h continuous lighting or darkness. The frequencies of seed germination three weeks after sowing reached more than 60% in all light conditions examined including continuous darkness. The highest frequencies of seed germination of 74% were achieved using lighting both with green and orange light emitting diodes, though strong inhibition of seed germination by the specific wavelength was not recognized. Seedling growth of this species was greatly inhibited by darkness. The most effective wavelength of light for rhizoid formation was revealed to be in the range of 590 nm (orange light) and 625 nm (red light), and almost no rhizoid was formed in the darkness. After 3 months of culture, leave width was expanded under light emitting diodes and was narrower under green, orange and red light. Seedlings grown under light emitting diodes resulted in thicker pseudobulbs.

抄録全体を表示

This paper presents the new warning method to increase the driver's sensitivity for recognizing hazardous factors in the driving environment. By performing some experiments to five to six subjects, the response time for detecting the mark that is shown suddenly tends to be decreased when the colored subliminal marks are shown up in advance. Some experimental results tell us the black, subliminal marks are available for guiding an attention to certain object with the stable response behavior.

抄録全体を表示

Objective: We aimed to analyse age-standardised mortality trends in Japan among blue- and white-collar male workers aged 25-64 years, by major causes of mortality from 1980 to 2015.

Methods: Five-yearly mortality data were extracted from occupation-specific vital statistics maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. A time series study was conducted among employed men aged 25-64 years. Age-standardised mortality trends by occupational category were calculated separately for all cancers, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and suicide. Poisson regression analysis was performed to analyse mortality trends by occupational category for each cause.

Results: Mortality rates for all cancers and ischaemic heart disease were higher among white-collar workers than blue-collar workers throughout the 35-year study period. The gap in the mortality rates for all four causes of death among blue- and white-collar workers widened in 2000 after Japan's economic bubble burst in the late 1990s. Simultaneously, suicide mortality rates among white-collar workers increased sharply and have remained higher than among blue-collar workers.

Conclusions: White-collar male workers in Japan have a higher risk of mortality than male blue-collar workers. However, despite substantial differences, significant progress has been made in recent years in reducing mortality across all occupations in Japan.

抄録全体を表示

KNbO_3 crystal was grown by Vertical Bridgman method using encapsulated crucible into stoichiometry materials. Initial crystal was K_4Nb_6O_<17> whose composition was Nb-rich and final crystal was K-rich composition. Middle section of as-grown boule, however, was KNbO_3 crystal. This is explained by growth from K-rich solution. Along growth direction KNbO_3 crystal was colored pale red, milk .

抄録全体を表示

This experiment regarding influence of colours of fish net, was performed in ordey to observe the frequency of transfer of fishes over several models of fencing net in a center tank. The tank is of wood painted white inside, 72cm. long, 52cm. wide, with a water depth of 20cm. (Fig. 1) The fish used were 10 individuals of Acheilognathus lanceolate (Yari-tanago) of average total length 4.5cm. and they were liberated in the tank. As model of under-water fencing nets, 5 tinplates 52cm. long and 14cm. high were painted with black, white, red, yellow and blue enamel. The tinplate as fencing net was kept under water in the center of tank, leaving a space of 6cm. between the water surface and the top of the plate. (Fig. 1.)
The number of transfer of fishes over the tin-plate were counted during 10 minutes on each colour plate. This was repeated for 29 times during a period of several days. (Table 1.) Averages of the frequency of transfer on each colour is shown in Fig. 2.
These averages, when compared, show significant difference. In almost all combinations the significance in level was 1 or 5% excepting combinations of red and yellow, and . (Table 2.) Therefore, the black, red and yellow have less stopping effects against the transfer of fishes. On the other hand, the effects of the are obviously more effective and these corresponded to a septum of semi-transparent vinyl film which was kept in the tank leaving only a space of 2cm. over it for the fish to pass through. Also, the effects of the red and yellow corresponded to the same septum which was kept in the water leaving a space of 6cm.
(Reference 17)

抄録全体を表示

iqm2-1 is a Salk T-DNA insertion line of the IQM2 gene whose T-DNA inserts into the first exon of the gene. IQM2 consists of six exons, and its product contains an IQ motif to which calmodulin (CaM) possibly binds in the absence of calcium ion. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, IQM2 was demonstrated to bind with Arabidopsis CaM2. RT-PCR analyses showed that the IQM2 mRNA was not transcribed downstream of the T-DNA insertion site in the mutant. iqm2-1 showed a long-hypocotyl phenotype in both - -light conditions, and anthocyanin level of iqm2-1 was lower than that of wild type. These aberrant phenotypes were restored by a complementation experiment using the wild-type IQM2 gene. We also found IQM2 to be localized to the nucleus and its transcription was up-regulated by blue light. Taken together, IQM2 is involved in calmodulin and blue light signaling.

抄録全体を表示

Objectives: Objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) on weekdays and weekends has been mainly assessed in white-collar workers, while data in blue-collar workers are sparse. Therefore, this study presented the difference in accelerometer-measured SB levels between weekdays and weekends, stratified by

- -collar occupations.

Methods: This study was a sub-analysis of accelerometer data from 73 workers (31 blue-collar and 42 white-collar) at a Japanese manufacturing plant. SB was defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents estimated using an accelerometer, and compared between weekdays and weekends by using mixed models adjusted for confounders. The proportion of workers who sat for ≤8 h/day on weekdays and weekends were compared using McNemar's test.

Results: In white-collar workers, SB time on weekdays was significantly longer than that on weekends (598 vs 479 min/day, P < .001). In blue-collar workers, there was no significant difference in SB time between weekdays and weekends (462 vs 485 min/day, P = .43). The proportion of workers who achieved the recommended SB levels (≤8 h) was only 4.8% for white-collar workers on weekdays and 54.8% on weekends (P = .04), while that of blue-collar workers was 45.2% and 58.1% respectively (P > .99).

Conclusions: White-collar workers were exposed to significantly longer SB time on weekdays than on weekends, which was not the case in blue-collar workers. It may be rather challenging for white-collar workers to limit their SB time to the level recommended by the latest guidelines for better health, especially on weekdays.

抄録全体を表示

Aim: In animals, dietary energy restriction is reported to increase longevity, whereas in humans, all cohort studies from Western countries have not shown an association between the low energy intake and longevity. We examined the association between total energy intake and longevity in Japan where dietary pattern is different from that in the West.
Methods: A total of 7,704 Japanese aged 30–69 years were followed from 1980 to 2009. Participants were divided into the quintiles of total energy (kcal/day) based on data collected from the National Nutrition Survey. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived through the use of Cox proportional hazards models to compare the risk of death across and between the quintiles.
Results: There was a significant association between increased energy intake and all-cause mortality risk in only men (P for linear trend=0.008). In cause-specific analysis, compared with the lowest quintile, there was rise in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality among men (HR; 2.63, 95%CI; 0.95–7.28, P for linear trend 0.016) and women (HR; 2.91, 95%CI; 1.02–8.29, P for linear trend 0.032) and cancer mortality among men (HR; 1.50, 95%CI; 0.999–2.24, P for linear trend 0.038) in the top quintile.
Conclusion: We observed significant associations of high energy intake with all-cause and cancer mortality among men and with CHD mortality among men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefits of caloric restriction.

抄録全体を表示

The effects of light quality and quantity on growth of germlings and thalli of Sargassum horneri and S. patens were examined in an indoor culture. Red, green, blue and white light were used at 3-5 different levels from 10 to 120 μE/m²/s. The effect of light quality on their growth was the same in the germlings and thalli of both species. Growth of S. horneri was the best under light, better under green, but very poor under red light. Though S. patens did not grow under red light, it grew vigorously at similar rates under the other three light sources. As for the light quantity, both species grew well with more light. S. horneri grew 2-4 times faster than S. patens.

抄録全体を表示

Pesticides shall be kept at cool environment. The aerosol also shall be kept below 40℃ However, it is not easy to get a large, cool warehouse for urban pest control companies. These pesticides are mainly used in hot summer. The temperature risings are investigated at a large warehouse and a small steel barn, car tranks of

sedan cars, driving seat and trank of blue sedan car, and two waggon type cars.

Temperature in the large warehouse ranged from 25 to 30℃, but temperature in the small steel barn rose up to 40℃ in summer. Temperature in the parking cars also rose up to 40 to 60℃. Covering pesticides with aluminium-coated adiabator sheet could keep temperature below 40℃ in the covered space under sunshine.

抄録全体を表示

39歳，女性．右大腿部をイトグモ（Loxosceles rufescens）に咬まれた．受傷後約6時間より局所の疼痛，発熱および全身の紅斑が出現し，受傷後約20時間で“red,

, sign”がみられた．第30病日に長径約10 cmの最大潰瘍になったが，受傷後約4カ月には小潰瘍をのこして瘢痕上皮化した．イトグモは壊死性皮膚病変の原因となり，日本にも生息していることが知られている．自験例は，イトグモの確認と同定ができたイトグモ咬症（loxoscelism）の本邦第1例目である．

抄録全体を表示

The present report discusses wearable objects with LEDs and various sensors. The objects detect physiological reactions and transform them into light so that they make the reactions visible in a new way and express our internal energy of life in the form of art.

抄録全体を表示

Two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) are involved in widespread cellular responses to diverse signals from bacteria to plants. Cyanobacteria have evolved photoperception systems for efficient photosynthesis, and some histidine kinases are known to function as photosensors. In this study, we attempt to reconstruct the photoperception system in Escherichia coli to make an easily controllable ON/OFF switch for gene expressions. For this purpose, a CcaS-CcaR two-component system from Nostoc punctiforme was expressed with phycocyanobilin (PCB) producing enzymes in E. coli which carries a G-box-controlled reporter gene. We succeeded to endow E. coli with a gene activation switch that is regulated in a light-color dependent manner. The possibility of such a switch for the development of synthetic biology is pointed out.

抄録全体を表示

Liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L. synthesizes various polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), neither of which is produced by higher plants. Here, we report the effects of light quality and intensity on the accumulation of AA and EPA in liverwort. In the range of the light examined, the relative content of EPA to total fatty acid was highest under blue light although that of AA did not vary. Illumination with blue light for a short period efficiently improved the accumulation of EPA without great deficit of growth. At a higher intensity of white light, the relative content of EPA increased. The optimum light intensity for AA and EPA accumulation was found to be 80 photon flux density μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.

抄録全体を表示

The consciousness survey on Kurashiki canvas was conducted to analyze the recognition and images for understanding what kind of canvas products would be required. The characteristic and attraction of Kurashiki canvas were considered, and the new design acceptable to wider consumers leading to the sales promotion was proposed based on the results of survey. From a result of the questionnaire survey, high quality and strength of Kurashiki canvas were well perceived. Major images for Kurashiki canvas were simple,casual and natural. Image of favorable color and pattern type were red,

, and striped pattern,respectively. These analysis results concluded that the satisfaction level of persons who used Kurashiki canvas was high. New Kurashiki canvas products, which were a rucksack, a tricolor bag, a cap, a basket, lampshades,a school uniform, a jacket and slippers, were proposed meeting the consumersʼ demands clarified by this survey.

抄録全体を表示

The effect of the proportion of blue on a plate, between , on the appetite was investigated. Three types of plate were used: Japanese, Western, and Chinese style plates that were blue and white, or only blue. Depending on the ratio of blue to white, the plates were classified into four groups: A (10-20%), B (25-35%), C (55-65%), and D (100%). Two meals of Japanese, Western, and Chinese food, involving a total of six dishes, were served on each type of plate, and photographed. An evaluation panel looked at the pictures of the A, B, C, and D plates simultaneously and evaluated their effect on appetite by scoring on a questionnaire. The evaluated mean value for the A plates was significantly higher than that for C and D, suggesting that the plates with a blue-to-white ratio of 10-20% increased the appetite. The evaluated mean appetite value for D was significantly low with all the meals, suggesting that all-blue plates reduced the appetite. The correlation coefficient between the ratio of blue to white and mean appetite was -0.79, indicative of a negative correlation between these variables. The effect of the saturation of blue was also examined. Plate E with a blue-to-white ratio of 100% at a lower saturation than D was tested, and a similar questionnaire survey was conducted. The evaluated mean appetite for E was lower than that for D in all cases except with one Western meal. The results suggest that a blue plate with low saturation reduced the appetite more than a blue plate with high saturation.

抄録全体を表示