Static characteristics of two different structured InAlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SLAPDs) cooled by liquid nitrogen were evaluated at a wavelength of 1. μm. The dark current of the SLAPD having a thick superlattice layer of 0.504 μm was ×10^-13 A. This was successively reduced by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the thin layer SLAPD of 0.231 μm at a breakdown voltage of around 20 V. The thickened layer was effective in suppressing tunneling dark current. An output current of 1.7×10^-12 A at a bias voltage of 15 V was measured for an optical input with a wavelength of 1. μm and a signal power of 1×10^-12 . This showed a sharp distinction from the dark current.

抄録全体を表示

Using the Theil population-weighted method for per capita GDP and the variance in a shift-share analysis on labor productivity, we conduct a comprehensive interregional income inequality decomposition analysis on Indonesia before and after the 1998 economic crisis.
Interregional income inequality is largely determined by the interregional inequality in the productivity differential component due to the region's specific sector-by-sector productivity differentials—the result of investments accumulated in technology, public infrastructure and human capital. Although the interregional inequality in the productivity differentials show a declining trend throughout the period under observation, they should have decreased further, considering the active implementation of policies aimed at balanced regional development. However, the results are still far below the target levels because of the effects of economic agglomeration. An examination of non-productivity factors shows that the interregional inequality in the employment rate has become the dominant factor after the crisis, whereas the active population rate was dominant before. The widening of the interregional employment gap is a new concern for Indonesia. The relative decrease in urban employment rates in 2003-2006 and the predominance of inequality in higher educational attainments within the urban sector reported by Akita and Miyata[]suggest a growing deterioration in the labor market efficiency in urban regions.

JEL Classification: D63, O40, R11, R58

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, bus signal priority (BSP) with different near side bus stop position in reference to the average queue during red time of the selected intersection and bus detection after bus departure from stop was modeled. Three alternative positions such as bus stop within normal queue, at the end of normal queue and beyond the distance of normal queue were evaluated for traffic flow ratios of 0.7, 0. and 1.1 by simulation method. Two objective functions i.. decrease in delay for priority movement and increase in delay for non-priority movements were considered. Since there are two objective functions, Pareto-optimal situation arises. The optimal case was selected based on the shortest normalized distance to Pareto optimal sets. Bus stop at the end of normal queue outperforms reducing total person delay in priority direction with least increase in total person delay on non-priority direction.

抄録全体を表示

The travel behavior is a result of complex decision making process affected by individual's socioeconomic, mode and trip characteristic as well as unobserved variables. The focus of this research was to identify the unobserved factors influencing travel behavior. Six latent variables named as travel factors were identified through factor analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify casual relationship between observed variables and travel factors. It was noted that SEM cannot predict the travel demand but it has ability to express relationships between unobserved and observed variables. Then, travel factors were employed in discrete choice model to consider individual preferences on unobserved variables. It was found that the model with travel factors perform superior than model without travel factors. Conclusively, the further application of these factors in its different forms can effectively measure their effect in the travel demand model.

抄録全体を表示

Noble gas isotopic compositions and concentrations were measured for two monomict eucrites Yamato-791186 and -792510 and for three polymict eucrites Yamato-791960, -791962 and -792769. Terrestrial ages calculated on the concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclide

81Kr

are in the range of 0.23-0.35 Ma, which are older than those reported for Yamato meteorites including eucrites. The noble gas result suggests that the monomict eucrites, Y-791186 and Y-792510, and the polymict eucrites, Y-791960 and Y-791962, are paired. If shielding effect on the cosmogenic ⁷⁸Kr/⁸³Kr ratio was considered, the preatmospheric radius of Y-791186 and Y-792510 was estimated to be small (about 10 cm in diameter). It was also calculated that Y-791960 was near the surface and Y-791962 was at the center of a preatmospheric body of about 1m in diameter. At least five pairs are identified for eucrites in the Yamato ice field referred to the published data.

抄録全体を表示

The process of annihilation of two point defects with opposite topological charges in a roll pattern is discussed for electrohydrodynamic convection in a nematic layer. It is shown that at the final stage of the process the distance between the centers of defects which are being annihilated varies as the square root of the time, down-counted from the annihilation moment. Such a scaling is associated with topological properties of the slowly varying complex amplitude of the order parameter and is suggested as a generic law for annihilation or spontaneous, barrierless nucleation of pairs of defects in extended systems. Experimental evidence of the scaling in the case of electrohydrodynamic convection in MBBA is obtained.

抄録全体を表示

切除不能膵癌10例に対し, 開腹下に超選択的に脾動脈あるいは胃十二指腸動脈に挿管し, 血管作動性薬剤であるAngiotensin-IIを併用した抗癌剤注入による動注化学療法を行った.また, methotrexate使用例には十二指腸などに対するrescueの投与時に, Prostaglandin を併用した.この際の, 膵における血流動態を水素ガスクリアランス法やradioisotope (

81mKr

) を用いて測定した.膵癌の組織血流は

22

.

9

±17.4mlで非癌部膵の1/

3

と低値であったが, Angiotensin-IIにより (腫瘍/非腫瘍部膵) の比 (T/C) は0.48から1.2と増加し, 腫瘍部全体の血流も, 2.1倍に増加し, 腫瘍への薬剤の選択性, 到達性が高められた.逆に, Prostaglandin

E₁

併用では, T/Cが0.33から0.21へと減少し, 腫瘍への選択性が低下した.

抄録全体を表示

A new method for testing the sugar fermentation reaction of yeasts were described. The new test medium was made of peptone : 0.g, yeast extract : 0.g, malt extract : 0.g, sugar : 2.0g, agar : 1.g, 1.2% . solution : -4ml and distilled water : 100ml. The medium was autoclaved and made semi-slant like Kligller's medium. Sugar fermentation reaction of yeasts was very labile in the conventional test, but by this medium it was remarkablly stable. And moreover, many of the so called non-fermenters were found to be a latent fermenters, i. ., these cases were found to be .25% in glucose, 71.% in maltose, .07% in galactose and 69.60% in sucrose.

抄録全体を表示