The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were inoculated onto brain heart infusion (Difco) agar supplemented with penicillin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer and cultivated in a candle extinction jar. L-form colonies became visible after a few days. They continued to grow and were viable for up to 38 days. The extent of inducibility of L forms of N. gonorrhoeae was examined semiquantitatively. It was found to be constant for each type and strain and to depend only slightly on the amount of penicillin added to the medium. None of the types of one strain produced L-form colonies. In another strain, avirulent types(, T₄) showed more ability to produce L forms than virulent types (T₁, T₂) and no L forms were produced by the subtypes of T₁ and T₂-T_1a and T_2a. In a third strain, only T₄ Produced L forms. Electron microscopic studies showed that the L forms consisted of a number of membranous vesicles and a variety of cell types such as those completely lacking cell walls and those with only remnants of cell walls. The results indicate the existence of subtypes of T₁ and T₂ of gonococci and the intrinsic inducibility of gonococcal types and strains to produce L forms.

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The effect of composition and controlled thermomechanical process parameters on the mechanical properties of HSLA steels is modelled using the Widrow-Hoff's concept of training a neural net with feed-forward topology by applying Rumelhart's back propagation type algorithm for supervised learning, using a Petri like net structure. The data used are from laboratory experiments as well as from the published literature. The results from the neural network are found to be consistent and in good agreement with the experimented results.

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An unsupervised learning technique and an associative memory have been used for encoding weights by a special type of Petri network named Petri neural net for modelling the influence of alloying elements on the final property of the high strength low alloy steel. The combined effects of alloying elements for different strengthening mechanisms is predicted when weights and threshold values are chosen on the basis of metallurgical understanding. The technique is found to be effective to create an associative memory of input-output relations in unknown data sets so that the same can be subsequently be used as a predictive tool.

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Primarily from the point of view of improvement of yield strength due to additions of niobium, titanium and boron in HSLA steels, the experimental steels are divided into five classes. The data are then supplied for learning a Self Organising Map (Kohonen network). It is found that the network with six neurons possesses better capacity of prediction with unknown data. Another effort of clustering the steels according to its major strength contributing mechanisms is also made. But the capacity of the network to cluster unknown data is found to be rather poor and has failed to follow from the metallurgical principles. To avoid this limitation, Learning Vector Quantisation method is adopted to impart a certain amount of supervision in the learning process and it is found that the training pattern of the network attains a good convergence thereby leading to a good predictive ability.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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Horizontal plate anchors are widely used in civil engineering constructions to resist vertical pulling loads. The available theoretical model suggested by Vesic to estimate the breakout resistance of plate anchors is in significant error, particularly for dense sandy soils. A theoretical model assuming a curved surface of failure through the surrounding soil, to evaluate the ultimate breakout resistance of horizontal plate anchors, has been proposed. It successfully brings out the concept of characteristics relative depth beyond which the breakout factor reaches a constant final value. It is capable of predicting breakout factors for wide range of values of angle of shearing resistance of sand.

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The immediate and consolidation settlements of a uniformly loaded rectangular area on a overconsolidated clay which is cross anisotropic with respect to its elastic properties are obtained. Tables and graphs are presented for practical use.

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Simultaneous measurements of the total geomagnetic field intensity by the same type of the proton precession magnetometers at two stations in NW Turkey have been taken cooperatively by a research group since December 1970. Up to the end of July 1971 mainly three probable local magnetic changes were observed. It was seen that after a decrease in the local field at a magnetic station (Erdek) a few earthquakes occured at either nearly N or S of that station, and after an increase in the local field an earthquake took place nearly W of the same station. In this paper the data and some results of the first part of observations are given.

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Nine isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to the protoberberine, proaporphine and bisbenzyl-isoquinoline series were isolated from Caryomene olivascens (Menispermaceae). Four compounds are new : (-)-2-norlimacine (4), (-)-caryolivine (), (+)-1, 2-dehydro-2-norlimacusine () and N-formylstepharine (). The last one is the first N-formyl derivative to be reported in the proaporphine group. Its biogenetic origin is discussed. Structures were established on the basis of 360 MHz (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and also by chemical correlation in the case of .

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ブドウの雌性台木品種(いずれも二倍体)'Millardet et de Grasset 101-14'〔以下'101-14' (2x),Vitis riparia Michx × V. rupestris Scheele〕および'Millardet de Grasset 41'〔以下'41' (2x), V. berlandieri Planch. × V. vinifera L.〕'Kober ' 〔以下''(2x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia〕に雄性台木品種'Teleki C' (V. berlandieri × V. riparia)の四倍体〔以下'C' (4x)〕を交配し,未熟種子から取り出した胚の培養を行った.これら種類の交配組み合わせにおいて得られた胚のほとんどは球状胚あるいは異常または不定型な形状の胚であった.'101-14' (2x)×'C' (4x), '41' (2x)×'C' (4x),および'' (2x)×'C' (4x)の交配から得られたこのような胚から,それぞれ,2,4個体の三倍体を得た.これらの三倍体のうぢ' (2x)と'C' (4x)の交配による1系統(以下-1 (x))において順化期間中での生育特性を'' (2x)および'' (4x)を対照として調査した.-1(x)における新梢および根の生長ならびに葉の形態は'' (2x)と'' (4x)の中間となった.-1(x), ''(2x)および'' (4x)に試験管内接ぎ木した'巨峰'(V. × labruscana Bailey)の順化期間中の生育を比較した.穂木の新梢生長および根の生長は'' (2x)台木で最も大きく,次いで-1(x)台木,'' (4x)台木で最も小さくなった.根の先端部切片とフィロキセラ(Daktulosphairae Fitch)との共存培養において, -1(x)および'' (4x)は優れたフィロキセラ抵抗性を示した.

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B

. subtilis spores,

E

. coli -1 and

E

. coli /r were bombarded with α-particles and heavy ions of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen accelerated in the IPCR Cyclotron. The RBE versus LET_∞ curve for

B

. subtilis spores showed a maximum peak at ?? 120 keV/μm, while those for

E

. coli -1, and

E

. coli /r declined without any maximum as LET_∞ values increased. In the region of α-particles, the effective inactivation cross section (S_eff) for these three strains increased with increasing LET_∞ and the rates of increase in S_eff in the LET region from ?? 30 to ?? 150 keV/μm were 15.0, 1. and 2. times for

B

. subtilis spores,

E

. coli -1, and

E

. coli /r, respectively. In the case of

B

. subtilis spores, S_eff values for heavy ions were almost independent of their energies, but the other two strains showed a considerable dependence upon beam energy. The charcteristic LET dependence of S_eff observed in this study was fairly well explained by the target theory based on microdose concept.

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