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  • Grover Loening
    日本航空学会誌
    1963年 11 巻 119 号 373-380
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2009/05/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 澁谷 啓, 田中 洋行
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 4 号 45-55
    発行日: 1996/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, Gf, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than
    0
    .001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both Gf and the in-situ void ratio,
    e0
    , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which Gf of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is
    e0
    and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'v. An empirical relationship, Gf=
    5
    , 000
    e0
    -
    1.5
    √(σ'v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which
    e0
    extended over a range between 1 and
    5
    , and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between 1 and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.
    e
    ., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, Gf decreased, whereas
    e0
    increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting Gf with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of
    e0
    and σ'v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to Gmax from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of Gf from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate Gf of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.
  • 藤原 東雄, 上 俊二
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1990年 30 巻 1 号 76-86
    発行日: 1990/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading is different from that subjected to sustained loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns should be due to secondary compression over a long period of time. Consequently, soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading tend to be more compressible than those subjected to sustained loading. Therefore, it is necessary for engineers to predict post-construction settlements under repeated loading. In this respect, the preloading is considered to be promising as a countermeasure to reduce the settlement of clay under repeated loading as well as under sustained loading. The effect of preloading on post-construction consolidation settlement of soft clay subjected to repeated loading after removal of a part of preload is investigated in the present paper. It has become clear that the settlement of a clay sample after preconsolidation is mainly affected by the amount of preload, the degree of consolidation due to the preload, the amount of permanent load and the amount of repeated load after removal of preload. The calculated settlement versus time relations using a method to estimate the amount of consolidation settlement of soft clay grounds subjected to repeated loading after removal of preloading were compared with the observed degree of consolidation as parameters of the intensities of preload and repeated load.
  • 澁谷 啓, 三田地 利之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1994年 34 巻 4 号 67-77
    発行日: 1994/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, consideration is given as to how to characterize depth-variation for the small-strain shear modulus of natural clay sedimentation, in a state of normal consolidation. A case study was carried out for a relatively uniform clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. Initially, the effects of both strain and in-situ stress levels on secant shear modulus were carefully examined in cyclic torsion shear tests using undisturbed samples, which were recovered at different depths in a test borehole. The range of shear strain examined was between
    0
    .001% and 1%. Similar examination was made for a silty clay using reconstituted samples that were isotropically consolidated at different stress levels. On the basis of the results of these laboratory tests, together with the shear modulus from an in-situ seismic survey, the small-strain shear modulus was formulated in terms of the stress and strain levels, and linked also to undrained shear strength. Interactions of the small strain stiffness between in-situ and laboratory are discussed in depth with an attention paid to the existing aging effect in the original subsurface condition.
  • 國生 剛治
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 5 号 99-111
    発行日: 2000/10/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.
  • 佐藤 敬之輔
    デザイン学研究
    1970年 1970 巻 11 号 45-55
    発行日: 1970/03/30
    公開日: 2017/07/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    [1] The purpose of this reserch is to make clear what type of design can give good effects to win the high readership score. At the begining I had to know what factors decide the readership score, and how to change the quality of the desing into numerical value. I have used the method of multi-dimentional analysis with the help of a computer, and got the estimation formula, with
    7
    kinds of factors, as follows ; A^^〜=
    B
    +C+
    D
    +K+
    aE
    +bF+cG. A^^〜=estimated values of the readership score. 1)
    B
    , C,
    D
    , K : these four factors are given as category values (so we call them); each factor is classified into several categories.
    B
    =week day, classified into
    7
    categories. C=pages of a newspaper, which are characterized by the kinds of articles, news, and the other reading matters, classified into
    22
    categories.
    D
    =kinds of goods and trades of the advertizement, classified into 14 catedories. K=constants, given to each 13 surveys. 2)
    E
    ,
    F
    , G : these factors are given as numerical values. G=area of advertizement, measured by the unit of column in the whole page length, being classified into
    6
    kinds of area (2.
    5
    , 3.
    5
    ,
    5
    ,
    7
    , 10, 15) and 15 column means a whole page, about 2,000cm^2.
    E
    ,
    F
    are the marks obtained in the design of advertizements.
    E
    =sum of the marks obtained in each design element on the advertizement.
    F
    =the marks obtained on the whole effect of the design. 3) a,
    b
    , c : coefficients Using the above formula with the category values and the coefficients, we can obtain the naked design effect from the actual value A of readership score:
    aE
    +bF=A-(
    B
    +C+
    D
    +K+cG). In this research, I used 1,829 data of readership score from 1960 to 1968, being obtained by 13 survevs, spring and autumn twice a year. The sample of size each survey was 3,541, 2,251, or 200 in the other 11 surveys. Multiple correlation coefficient between the estimated value A^^〜 and the actual value A is
    0
    .951. The table 2^* shows the contribution indexes of each factor by 3 kinds of expression-(1) Range : the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum category values, (2) Standard deviations of the category values, (3) Partial correlation coefficient : the relationship between the actual values A and each factors. *see the table 2 in the thesis in Japanese. [2] The important point was in the determination of the values of
    E
    ,
    F
    .
    E
    is the sum of the marks obtained in each design element, classified into four kinds :
    E
    =
    E
    _1+
    E
    _2+
    E
    _3+
    E
    _4. design elements [table]
    E
    _1,
    E
    _2,
    E
    _3,
    E
    _4, these values have the
    5
    grades, as
    0
    , 1, 2, 3, 4 and
    0
    is given to the design that has no attractive effect or no applicable element. And
    E
    obtain the marks of
    0
    to
    9
    grades as the sum of them. The values of
    F
    have also
    5
    grades,
    0
    to 4. The principles to determine the values of
    E
    ,
    F
    are as follows : a) The marks obtained of
    E
    ,
    F
    must be the relative values among the each survey, and at the same time, they must have constancy within the same survey-the same elements of design must win the same marks obtained.
    b
    ) They must be determined as to win the highest multiple correlation coefficient, when they are put into the estimation formula. c) They must be reasonable. In order to justify them, we must carry many researches on the actual condition. The frequency of accurence of each grade of
    E
    ,
    F
    values, as the table
    5
    -4, and
    5
    -
    5
    in the thesis in Japanese.
  • CHAIM J. PORAN, KINGSEN HEH, JORGE A. RODRIGUEZ
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1992年 32 巻 4 号 81-92
    発行日: 1992/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The paper presents results from an extensive experimental model study of response of dry sand to impact of a rigid tamper. In the laboratory tests a circular steel tamper was repeatedly dropped on sand contained in a large tank. Measurements included tamper acceleration aud soil pressure at impact, tamper settlement, aud soil densities and strains. Effects of tamper drop height, weight and contact area were investigated. A method is presented for the evaluation of global dynamic stiffness of the soil mass affected by the impact by calculating a dynamic settlement modulus (DSM). The DSM values are determined from integration of the impact acceleration record with respect to time using measured integration constants. DSM values show good correlation to soil densities and corresponding elastic moduli obtained from laboratory tests for loose sand. However, for dense sand, results indicate apparent discrepancies between elastic modulus and the higher DSM values. Analyses of normalized impact energy and the resulting densification in the sand in terms of normalized dimensions of volumetric strain (relative density) contours show unique correlations which are used for a proposed rational design method for dynamic compaction in dry sandy soils.
  • Özkan ASLANTAŞ, Ebru Şebnem YILMAZ
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
    2017年 79 巻 6 号 1024-1030
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/06/16
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

    E
    . coli isolates were detected in 95 (
    22
    .2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-
    1b
    (42), blaCMY-2 (
    22
    ), blaCTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-1 (15), blaOXA-1 (
    9
    ) and blaSHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A1 (35.
    8
    %), followed by group
    D2
    (
    22
    .1%),
    B
    1 (15.
    8
    %),
    D1
    (
    9
    .
    5
    %),
    A0
    (
    7
    .4%),
    B22
    (
    5
    .3%) and
    B23
    (4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(
    6
    ’)-Ib-cr, qnr
    S1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.
    5
    and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.
    0
    % for tobramycin to 56.
    8
    % for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE,
    f17a
    -A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing
    E
    . coli
    clone O25
    b
    :ST131/
    B
    2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing
    E
    . coli
    isolates among dogs in Turkey.

  • R.G. WAN, P.J. GUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1999年 39 巻 6 号 1-11
    発行日: 1999/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.
  • 山本 雅史, Abkenar Asad Asadi, 松本 亮司, 根角 博久, 吉田 俊雄, 國賀 武, 久保 達也, 冨永 茂人
    園芸学会雑誌
    2007年 76 巻 1 号 36-40
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2007/03/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A3(CMA) 染色を行った.染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から
    7
    種類に区分できた.すなわち,CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する,
    B
    : 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する,C: 両端に有する,
    D
    : 一方の端部に有する,
    E
    : CMA(+) がない,
    F
    : 動原体近傍に有する,Dst: 付随染色体を有する
    D
    型,である.各種はこれらのうち 2~
    6
    種類の染色体を有し,独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した.C. medica では 2
    B
    +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. limon では 1
    B
    + 1C +
    8
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. aurantifolia では 2
    B
    +
    9
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. aurantium では 1A + 1
    B
    + 1C +
    7
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. sinensis では 2
    B
    + 2C +
    7
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. maxima では 3A + 3C + 4
    D
    +
    8
    E
    C. paradisi では 2A + 3C +
    6
    D
    +
    7
    E
    C. ichangensis では 2
    B
    + 2C + 12
    D
    + 2
    E
    C. latipes では 2A +
    5
    C +
    8
    D
    + 3
    E
    C. micrantha では 1
    B
    + 11
    D
    + 4
    E
    + 2Dst,C. macroptera では 2
    B
    + 1C + 11
    D
    + 3
    E
    + 1
    F
    C. hystrix では 3
    B
    + 1C +
    8
    D
    + 3
    E
    + 2
    F
    + 1Dst であった.
  • 小田切 孝人, 田代 眞人
    ウイルス
    2013年 63 巻 2 号 233-240
    発行日: 2013/12/25
    公開日: 2014/10/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 斎藤 徹, 井上 勲, 藤井 澄三
    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    1990年 38 巻 6 号 1536-1547
    発行日: 1990/06/25
    公開日: 2008/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    A full account is given of the chemical behavior observed for
    7
    ,
    9
    -dialkyladeninium salts (16). On treatment with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH for 60min, 16a,
    b
    ,
    d
    ,
    e
    (X=I), 16c (X=Br), and 16
    f
    (X=ClO4) rearranged to isomeric
    N6
    ,
    7
    -dialkyladenines (21a-
    f
    ) in 50-
    91
    % yields. Treatment of the salts with
    0
    .
    5
    N aqueous Na2CO3 at room temperature for 30-90min or with Amberlite CG-400 (OH-) in H2O at room temperature gave the ring-opened derivatives
    22
    a-
    f
    (in the trans-formamide form) in 56-
    83
    % yields, and rate constants for the ring-opening reactions of 16a,
    b
    ,
    d
    -g (X=ClO4) and 16c (X=Br) leading to
    22
    a-g were determined in H2O at pH
    9
    .84 and ionic strength
    0
    .50 at 25°C. Cyclization of
    22
    a with NaH in AcNMe2 at room temperature or with boiling 1N aqueous NaOH produced 21a in 84% or 72% yield, respectively.In solution, the trans-formamides
    22
    seemed to transform slowly into the cis-formamides 23, attaining equilibria. The existence of such an equilibrium in
    D2O
    or Me2SO-
    d6
    at 25°C or in H2O at pH
    9
    .84 and ionic strength
    0
    .50 at 25°C was kinetically confirmed in the case of
    22
    a, and the mechanism of the rearrangement of 16 to 21 through
    22
    is discussed on the basis of the above kinetic results and Deslongchamps' theory of stereoelectronic control. On treatment with NaBH4 in MeOH at room temperature, 16a (X=I) furnished the
    7
    ,
    8
    -dihydro derivative 28 (84% yield), which slowly decomposed in H2O at 60°C to give
    22
    a in 49% yield.The
    7
    ,
    9
    -dialkyladeninium salts (16) were found to be obtainable from N'-alkoxy-1-alkyl-
    5
    -formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamidines (
    9
    ) through an alternative synthetic route : Alkylations of
    9
    with alkyl halides in HCONMe2 in the absence of base, followed by hydrogenolysis of the N'-alkoxy group and cyclizatio (or vice versa) produced 16 in acceptable yields. In order to interpret the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of
    22
    a, the 2-deuterated species 26 was also synthesized from 24 via 25 and 27.
  • 井合 進, 森田 年一, 亀岡 知弘, 松永 康男, 安彦 和之
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1995年 35 巻 1 号 115-131
    発行日: 1995/03/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake of Richter magnitude
    7
    .
    8
    , simultaneous recording of earthquake motions was successfully made at the ground surface and at a depth of 77 meters in a dense saturated sand deposit. The peak horizontal acceleration was
    0
    .47 g on the ground surface and
    0
    .21 g at a depth of 77 meters. The acceleration record at the ground surface showed a distinctive ground response, which consisted of a cyclic motion having a period of about 1.
    5
    seconds overlain by a spike at each peak of the motion. In order to study the mechanism of this peculiar ground response, effective stress analysis was conducted on the dense saturated sand deposit. The model used for this study was a strain space multiple mechanism model, which takes into account the effect of principal stress axis rotation. The recorded earthquake motion at a depth of 77 meters was used as the input earthquake motion for the analysis. Sampling after in-situ freezing was done in order to evaluate the properties of the sand. The results of the analysis indicated that the observed ground response was due to the effect of dilatancy of sand, which plays a significant role in the response of the dense saturated sand deposits during strong earthquake motions.
  • OSAMU MATSUO
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    1996年 36 巻 Special 号 235-240
    発行日: 1996年
    公開日: 2012/08/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of 1.4 km, with a maximum settlement of 3 m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was
    0
    .30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.
  • 汪 発武, 佐々 恭二, 福岡 浩
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2000年 40 巻 1 号 35-46
    発行日: 2000/02/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    By employing an undrained cyclic loading ring-shear apparatus, a series of tests to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the Nikawa landslide induced by the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, is conducted. The test sample is Osaka-group coarse sandy soil taken from the landslide. The initial stress condition acting on a soil element in the sliding surface is applied to the sample. Based on the seismic records monitored at the JR Takarazuka Station, the input seismic wave is synthesized to reproduce the seismic stress acting on the sliding surface. The test results show that the soil failed due to the dynamic loading of the earthquake. The most important results are the excess pore water pressure generation and the acceleration of shear displacement continuing after the main shock. Combined with the grain crushing at the shear zone and the volume reduction in the drained constant-speed ring-shear test, the mechanism of this landslide is interpreted as, shear displacement causing grain crushing in the shear zone and volume reduction, and then resulting in a localized liquefaction phenomenon, "sliding-surface liquefaction". This geotechnical simulation test provides a reasonable interpretation of this highly mobile landslide.
  • 安田 進, 陶野 郁雄
    土質工学会論文報告集
    1988年 28 巻 2 号 61-72
    発行日: 1988/06/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Nihonkai-chubu Earthquake, with a magnitude of
    7
    .
    7
    , occurred on May 26, 1983 in northwest Japan and produced liquefaction sites in the coastal plain of Akita and Aomori Prefectures. About one month later, the maximum aftershock, with a magnitude of
    7
    .1, again induced liquefaction at several sites in Aomori Prefecture. The authors surveyed the affected area and discovered almost ten reliquefaction sites. Initial liquefaction at these sites had not occurred solely because of the main shock of the Nihonkai-chubu Earthquake. Initial liquefaction at some sites was attributable to the Niigata Earthquake in 1964, the Tokachi-oki Earthquake in 1968, and other earlier earthquakes. Although it had earlier been thought that the occurrence of reliquefaction would be improbable, the authors' investigation shows that reliquefaction occurs frequently, even when the acceleration caused by a later earthquake was less than that caused by a former earthquake. It can therefore be said that a site liquefied by an earthquake can be reliquefied by a subsequent earthquake.
  • George W. Lee
    燃料協会誌
    1973年 52 巻 3 号 171-177
    発行日: 1973/03/20
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 何 明奇, 谷森 紳治, 坪田 真佐一, 中山 充, 大平 進
    天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
    1995年 37 巻 P-13
    発行日: 1995/09/01
    公開日: 2017/08/18
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Bicyclo [3.1.
    0
    ] hexane derivatives are of considerable importance in natural product synthesis due to the versatility of the cyclopropane ring and the ubiquitous occurrence of the cyclopentane ring in natural products. We wish to report asymmetric synthesis of bicyclo-[3.1.
    0
    ] hexanes and their application to the natural products synthesis. 1. Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclo [3.1.
    0
    ] hexanes. Chiral diazocarbonyl compounds (
    6
    e
    ,
    6
    f
    and 13) were prepared from methyl acetoacetate(
    5
    ) and (R) or (S)- pantolactone. Diastereoselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of
    6
    e
    ,
    6
    f
    and 13 using bis(oxazoline)copper (I) complexes or Rh_2(OAc)_4 as catalysts gave cyclopropanes (
    8
    e
    ,
    7
    f
    and 14) with 50-70%
    d.e
    . which were easily separated by simple silica-gel chromatography. Hydrolysis of
    8
    e
    ,
    7
    f
    and 14 followed by esterification gave chiral bicyclo [3.1.
    0
    ]-hexanes ((-)-3, (+)-3,and (-)-4). 2. Chiral Syntheses of Vitamin
    D
    _3 CD Ring Synthon, ent-Vitamin
    D
    _3 CD Ring Synthon and Formal Synthesis of (-)-Carbovir. Opening of enantiomerically pure (-)-3 and (+)-3 with cuprous iodide-mediated 4-methyl-pentylmagnesium bromide, followed by further synthetic modification, lead to (+)-vitamin
    D
    _3 CD ring synthon((+)-19) and (-)-ent-vitamin
    D
    _3 CD ring synthon((-)-19). Alcohol (24), an immediate precursor to anti-HIV agent (-)-carbovir was synthesized in
    7
    steps utilizing the addition of acetic acid to enantiomerically pure 14 as a key step. 3. Cleavage Reaction of Bicyclic Compounds and Synthesis of
    22
    -Oxavitamin
    D
    _3 CD Ring Synthon and Formal Synthesis of (±)-epi-Juvabion. We found 3 was cleaved cleanly by various alcohols in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate and vitamin
    D
    _3 analogue,
    22
    -oxavitamin
    D
    _3 CD ring synthon (30) was synthesized using that reaction. The optimized yield of addition of organocopper reagents to 3 was obtained using higher order cyano cuprate in the presence of trimethylsilylcyanide. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of (±)-epi-juvabion intermediate(36).
  • Joey
    B
    . Tanney, Leonard J. Hutchison
    Mycoscience
    2012年 53 巻 1 号 31-35
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2023/03/31
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

  • 金谷 守, 河井 正, 栃木 均
    地盤工学会論文報告集
    2001年 41 巻 6 号 79-96
    発行日: 2001/12/15
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted in order to understand the performance of seawalls during a seismic event. The model tests showed that the displacement of the caisson was much affected by the seaward shear deformation of the sand seabed beneath it during shaking. It was also confirmed that an armored embankment played an important role in the displacement of the caisson during shaking. Based on these test results, a two-dimensional DEM-FEM coupled analysis method was newly developed to numerically predict the deformation of seawalls covered with armored embankments during earthquakes. The movements of the armor units were calculated by DE analysis and deformations of the caisson, rubble mound, sand seabed and backfill were calculated by FE analysis considering the non-linearity of the soil materials based on the effective stress. Dynamic interaction was taken into account by delivering the nodal displacements of the finite elements or the nodal forces converted from the contact forces through the imaginary distinct elements defined at the boundaries between the DE and FE domain. The applicability of this method to the prediction of the deformation of seawalls was verified through numerical simulations of the centrifuge model test.
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