Natural sedimentary clays exhibit ageing effects on their behaviour when subjected to both consolidation and shearing. Attempts to characterising the in-situ 'structure'of soft marine clays have been made in case studies performed in Ariake (Japan) and in Bangkok (Thailand), each showing a typical profile of aged clay-structure with depth reflecting its site-specific geological consolidation history. In each site, profiles of Atterberg limits, natural water content, overconsolidation ratio (OCR), quasi-elastic shear modulus G_max and the undrained shear strength c_u with depth were attained from various laboratory tests, together with the a comparable profile of quasi-elastic shear modulus from insitu seismic survey G_f. Quantitative assessment of the aged clay-structure was made by using two different measures, metastability index MI (G) and the soil constant reflecting structure S (Jamiolkowski et al., 1994). The profiles of MI (G) and the S-value with depth were both determined based on the corresponding G_max behaviour of the reconstituted sample. "Disturbance"of laboratory samples retrieved by using two different samplers (i.., Laval and Japanese thin-walled samplers) with two different sampling techniques (i.., pre-boring and displacement methods) was discussed. A new approach to estimate c_u"in the ground", termed by the authors the MILK (Metastability Index coupled with Laboratory K_o test) method, is proposed. A trial of the MILK-method is demonstrated in soft Bangkok clay, the texture of which is similar to "soft cheese".

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), blaCTX-M-

1

(15), blaOXA-

1

(9) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group

A₁

(35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.

1

%),

B

1

(15.

8

%),

D₁

(9.5%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(4.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(

6

’)-Ib-cr,

qnrS1

and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and

1

.

1

% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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A sample of [³H] tobrarnycin (5, 000 Ci/Mole) has been synthetized and incubated with
the bacterial ribosome and its subunits. The results obtained show that this antibiotic has
two types of binding sites. The primary one is probably responsible for the inhibition of
protein synthesis whereas the secondary one is probably related to the misreading and reading
tiirough of the messenger RNA.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, , a, , , 9, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, epigomisin O(), gomisin () and angeloylgomisin Q(26), were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL.(Schizandraceae), which are used as an antitussive and a tonic under the names of "Hoku-gomisi" in Japan and "Wu-wei-zi" in China. ) The structure of epigomisin O() was elucidated by correlation with known lignans, gomisins O(2) and N(4). 2) Oxidation of 4 with KMnO_4 in a mixture of 2% NaOH and pyridine gave compounds 3 and 5. Further oxidation of 3 with KMnO_4 gave 5. Reduction of 5 with NaBH_4 afforded deangeloylgomisin (). The structure of gomisin () was elucidated by the same reaction to correlate with a known lignan, gomisin (). 3) The cleavage of the methylenedioxy group on the aromatic ring with Pb(OAc)_4 in dry benzene into diphenol was studied(19-→19-). The structure of angeloylgomisin Q(26) was elucidated by the use of the above reaction to correlate with .

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11-Amino-, a, , , 9, 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (a-) and -oxepines (a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of , a, , , 9, 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a- and 5a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) a and a, cis(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) and , trans(a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)c and c, and trans(a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) and , were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with

1H

-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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Bromination of 2-ethylthioindoles (a, c) and 2-bromoindole () with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in carbon tetrachloride gave 3-bromoindolenines (). On the other hand, bromination of 2-ethylsulfonylindoles (, ) with NBS in methylene chloride gave -bromoindoles (, ) which were converted to on heating. Both -bromoindoles and 3-bromoindolenines act as brominating agents for skatole or 3-phenylindole. Heating of 3-bromo-2-ethylthio-3-phenylindolenine (c) in carbon tetrachloride gave the -bromoindole (11), while the 2-ethylsulfonyl derivative () gave 5-bromoindole (13). However, 2, 3-dibromo-3-phenylindolenine () in acetic acid was converted to -bromo-(main) (17) and 5-bromoindole (18) (minor). 3-Bromoindolenines (a, , ) gave the oxindoles (19) accompanied with the migration of the 2-substituent on treatment with ethanolic hydrochloric acid, while some 3-alkoxyoxindoles (21, , 23) were obtained on treatment with alcohol and base. On the other hand, the -bromoindole () was converted to the indole () under various conditions.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-2.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
:L (1812K, 34.9mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
P₂:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.mol%W-33.mol%)+WB=+
P₂:L (1657K, 48.9mol%Ni-33.mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–

,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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Melithasterols A- (-4), isolated from a gorgoinan coral Melithaea ocracea of Okinawa, were shown to be cholestane-, 24-methyl--dehydrocholestane-, -dehydrocholestane-, and 24-methylenecholestane-derivatives. respectively, having a common 3β, α -dihydroxy-5α, α-epoxy-Δ^ steroid nucleus. This was confirmed by direct comparison with the authentic sample prepared by lead tetra-acetate oxydation of cholest--ene- 3β, 5α, α-triol 3-monoacetate. Twelve new polyhydroxysterols were isolated from an Alcyonium sp. (,,9), and Sclerophytum sp. (14,16,19,20,21,a,23,26,28) soft corals collected off the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean. All the Sclerophytum sp. soft corals contained 17a or its 25-deacetyl derivative. Compounds to 9 were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene- 3β, 16β-diol-3-0-α-L fucoside () and its β-() and α-hydroxy (9) derivatives. Compound 14 was shown to be 24S-24-methylcholest-5-ene-3β,25ξ,26-triol and was correlated to the known compound 15 by 5α, β-glycolation. Compound 16 was shown to be 5β, α-isomer of 17, correlating to 17 by PCC oxidation followed by dehydration. Compound 19 was identified with 25-deacetyl derivative of the known compound lobosterol (19a) by hydrolysis of authentic lobosterol. Compounds 20 and 21 were shown to be -dehydro-(20) and -dehydro-(21) derivative of 17a and 17, respectively, by comparisons of their spectral data with reference compounds. Compounds a and 23 were 24S-methylcholestane-3β, 5α 25-triol--one 25-monoacetate (a) and its 25-deacetoxyl derivative (23). Partial PCC oxidation of 17a afforded a. Compounds 26 (andamansterol) and 28 (nicobarsterol) were shown to be gorgost-5-ene-3β, 9α. 11α, 21-tetrol and novel secosteroid, 11,21-cyclo--homo-11-oxa-9, 11-secoergostane-3β, α, 12ξ-triol-9-one, respectively, by spectral analyses (H-HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC).

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Among the rivers damaged by the earthquake, two most severely damaged along the Yodo-gawa River are described. In the left levee, the settlement exceeded 2 m for a length of .4 km, with a maximum settlement of 3 m. Sand boils were observed extensively on the ground surface near the damaged dikes. Holocene sandy soil with an SPT N-value of 10 or less existed in the upper part of the subsoil profile. These facts indicate that liquefaction of the soil was the major cause of the embankment damage. The cyclic stress ratio required to cause liquefaction was 0.30 as determined from cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples.

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An empirical equation in use for estimating the pseudo-elastic shear modulus, G_f, of subsoil, associated with shear strains less than 0.001% is proposed in this paper. In a series of in-situ seismic cone tests performed nationwide, the profiles of both G_f and the in-situ void ratio, , with depth were successfully characterised at five sites, each comprising a soft clay layer deposited in the Holocene era. The database which comprised the original data from the field and laboratory tests, coupled with similar information on well-documented Holocene clay deposits in Europe, was statistically analyzed in attempts to determine a generalised relationship with which G_f of soft clay may be reasonably estimated only from routinely available borehole data; that is and the current geostatic effective overburden pressure, σ'_v. An empirical relationship, G_f=5, 000 -√(σ'_v) (kPa), was derived from the statistical analysis applied to data from seven different clays worldwide, for which extended over a range between and 5, and the overconsolidation ratio ranged roughly between and 2. The applicability of the proposed relationship was evaluated for two case records, each in which the clay exhibited unusual behavior; i.., the undrained shear strength remained more or less constant with depth due to the existence of artesian pressure at one site, and, at the other, G_f decreased, whereas increased, with depth. It was demonstrated that even in these clay deposits exhibiting exceptional profiles, the proposed relationship was capable of predicting G_f with a reasonable accuracy by determining the profiles of and σ'_v with depth. In addition, the prediction when compared to G_max from carefully performed laboratory cyclic tests, yielded a better estimate of G_f from the in-situ seismic survey. Despite the fact that the empirical relationship was initially designated to estimate G_f of soft clays, it may be equally applicable to sandy deposits. This was verified by comparing it to similar, and well-established, relationships developed for sands. A case record as such is also described for a loose sand deposit at Higashi-Ohgishima in Tokyo Bay which was placed in 1960's by land reclamation.

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Agaricus blazei is an important fungus for producing bioactive compounds. There are some reports of polysaccharides and steroid derivatives from the fruiting bodies of A. blazei. However, the chemical examination of the secondary metabolites of the cultured mycelia of this species has not been reported. Eight compounds, an unprecedented skeleton have been isolated from the cultured mycelia of A. blazei. The structures of the novel compounds each named blazeispirols A (), (2), C (3), (4), (5) X(), Y () and Z () were confirmed by extensive and 2 NMR spectral data and X-ray analysis. Blazeispirols A (), (2), C (3), (4) and (5) were des-A-ergostane type compounds having spiroacetal structure as a side chain. Blazeispirols X () and Y () were determined to be (20S, S, 23R, 24S)- (10→) abeo-14β, :, 25-diepoxyergosta-5,,9,11-tetraene-3α,23-diol and (20S, S, 23R, 24S)-14β,:,25-diepoxy-9,23-dihydroxyergosta-4,,11-triene-3,-dione by comparison of extensive and 2 NMR spectral data with that of blazeispirol A. The biosynthesis of blazeispirol A was investigated by feeding ^<13>C-labeled acetates and methionine to the growing cultures of A. blazei. The labeling patterns of derived from singly and doubly ^<13>C-labeled acetates were consistent with that of ergosterol reported previously except for the A-ring and then ^<14>C-labeled ergosterol was incorporated into blazeispirol A. Taking the structures of blazeispirols Z and into consideration, it can be assumed that blazeispirol A is biosynthesized from ergosterol by the cleavage of C-4, C-5 and C-, C-10 bonds on retro aldol condensation and Michael reaction via such as intermediate A as shown in Fig. 4. A large number of ergostane-type steroids have been isolated from many fungi. However, blazeispirol A is the first example of a naturally occurring des-A-ergostane-type steroid including a spiroacetal structure moiety as a side chain.

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，F: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～ 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + + ，C. limon では + C + + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + 9 + ，C. aurantium では A + + C + + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + + ，C. maxima では 3A + 3C + 4 + ，C. paradisi では 2A + 3C + + ，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12 + 2，C. latipes では 2A + 5C + + 3，C. micrantha では + 11 + 4 + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + C + 11 + 3 + F，C. hystrix では 3 + C + + 3 + 2F + Dst であった．

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Conversions of uronic acids [.g. methyl 2, 3, 4-tri-O-methyl-β--glucopyranosiduronic acid (), -glucuronic acid (9), and -galacturonic acid (17)] into the corresponding aminocyclitols [.g. , , ; 14, c, 15, c, 16, c ; 18] have been accomplished by means of initial electrolytic decarboxylation and subsequent treatment with alkaline nitromethane, followed by catalytic reduction, and acetylation. The conversion method has also been applied to neutral sugar [.g. -mannose (19)] to affording L-neo-aminocyclitol hexaacetate () and also to two glucuronide-saponins [sakuraso-saponin (23) and desacyl-jegosaponin (27)] to afford aminocyclitol-oligoglycosides (26a, 28a). The present electrolytic conversion is noteworthy since prior protection of hydroxyl groups in the starting uronic acids is not necessary.

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We previously reported that orthostatic dysregulation (OD) was relatively common in normal young females and that the Schellong test was a useful, practical procedure in the diagnosis of this condition.
We carried out a survey and analyzed date from both the Yatabe-Guiford Personality test (Y-G test) and the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire (CMI) in 167 females aged 18 to 24 years (mean age =19. years). OD was confirmed in 38 and suspected in 32; the remaining 97 were considered to be normal from the results of the Questionnaire for OD.
Of the 167 young females, 33 (19.%) were type A in the Y-G test, 38 were type (.%), 27 type C (16.%), 52 type (31.%) and 17 type (10.2%). Reports in the literature indicate that individuals with type and type Y-G results are apt to have mental and/or emotional “instability”. Of the 97 normal subjects, 28 were type or type (28.%), of those with confirmed OD the number was 17 (44.%) and of those with suspected OD it was 10 (31.2%). The difference between the normal subjects and those with confirmed OD was significant. Of 132 individuals with CMI types I and II 34 (25.%) were Y-G types and and of 35 individuals with CMI type III and IV 21 (60%) were Y-G types and .
These results suggest that there may be some correlation between OD and emotional and/or psychosomatic instability. Further studies on the practical implications of these testing procedures are necessary for the evaluation of individuals with OD.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the ^116mIn activity. Directional correlations are also measured for 818–1293 and 1097–1293 keV cascades. The M-2 mixing ratio δ, and the 0-2 mixing ratio μ_k are obtained for 818. keV +→2₁⁺ transition to be δ=−+0.26, and μ_k≤.×10⁻⁴ respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.0158:.0:5.86.

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The gamma-ray spectrum and the conversion-electron spectrum are measured in the decay of the Tb¹⁵² activity. The L-subshell electron lines of the 586. keV +→2₁⁺ transition are separated by the ion-free beta-ray spectrometer. The M-2 mixing ratio, δ², and the dimensionless ratio X of 0-2 mixing of the 586. keV transition are obtained to be δ²≤0.16 and 0.034≤X≤0.038, respectively. The 2 branching ratio (2; +→0_g⁺): (2; +→2₁⁺): (2; +→0₁⁺) is determined to be 0.023 : .0 : 5..

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