The composition of "group saponin" in soybean seed was analyzed by HPLC, and six kinds of "group saponin, " named , , ', Be, and Be according to elution order from HPLC, were detected. Of these saponins, , , ' and Be were identified with soyasaponin V, I, III and II, respectively. and Be were novel saponins possessing soyasapogenol as the aglycone and the same sugar chain as and , respectively. These saponins were very unstable in the isolated state and had a tendency to form and , respectively. From these results, and Be are presumed to be the precursors of and in soybean seed.

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 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at ℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at ℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

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This paper presents a review for the crystallization of nonlinear optical crystals such as , , fresnoite-type and several langasite-type crystals in glasses and for the second order optical nonlinearities of those crystals. In this study, transparent surface crystallized glasses consisting of , and crystals were successfully fabricated from the corresponding glasses. Second order nonlinear optical coefficients, , were evaluated by Maker fringe technique for those surface crystallized glasses. As a result, it was demonstrated that the and the crystals indicated large values, i.., – 1.3 pm/V and – pm/V, respectively. In particular, of the crystal is comparable to that of LiNbO₃ single crystal. Moreover, we confirmed for the first time that the langasite-type crystals, which are promising materials for SAW device, are formed by crystallization in the corresponding glasses.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA2 programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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 We examined the stability of

-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) and -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) in -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for 2, , , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃, -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.–94.2%) but -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.2–108.%). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only -THC-OAc but also -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial 2 days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (-tetrahydrocannabinol and -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

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Having made a reconnaisance in this area, the writer classified it into several geomorpholoical surfaces, concerning about the nature and the time of the formation of each surface.
(1) Those surfaces are termed, from the lower to the upper, A to G, and mountains; and is subdivided into and . The relative height of A to G is about 250 meters.
(2) A••C• are river terraces, while has characters of the rock bench or the partial pediment (by Ben A. Tator, 1952-1953). F may be the same with , and a part of resembles .
Above identification depends on the structures of the superficial layers underlying those surfaces and on the forms of those surfaces. G is the surface of the inselberg-like isolated hill, relating to and F.
(3) The rocks forming mountains are ancient ones of Hidaka Belt, and the rock underlying G is liparite, while the rest on which the large part of each surface-A-F-lie is loose tuffaceous sandstone.
() Among the materials (gravels or finer materials) underlying and C, various paleolithic. stone implements have been discovered by Shôichi Yoshizaki, archaeologist.
() The writer takes a view that such stone implements must be embedded in the material underlying . The reason is that and are supporsed to be the protected terraces, owing to the presence of the gorge of the hard rock of Hidaka Belt downstream, and the time of those formation supposed to have been in the same cycle.
But an alternative interpretation would be possible, that is, the time of the formation of the graded reach emerged as later belongs to the alluvial epock, but the time of the accident by which was formed belongs to the dilluvial epock.
(6) Geologist Kiyoshi Hasegawa has studied the area and, from the gravels underlying each surface, concluded that the time of the formation of the volcano Tengudake corresponds to the time of the formation of C, and that of the present peak of the volcano is later than that of and earlier than A.
The lava flows of the volcano might affect the drainage systems of this area, and they might also affect the agencies to form those surfaces.
(7) In addition to the facts above mentioned, there exist another characteristics, that is, each surface has different pedological character.
So, the writer supposes that such surfaces could be classified corresponding to the geological age, from the view point of geomorphology, geology, archaeology and pedology. And the conditions, especially climatic ones, under which each surface was formed could be estimated.

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Mycobacteriocin produced by human type tubercle bacilli could be demonstrated easily on eggmedium containing 0.05% tween by means of stab culture or streak plate methods, and elevenmycobacteriocin-types have been recognized on the basis of the inhibition pattern by using indicator strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
At present, types 1 (.%), 2 (13%), (38.%), (2%) and 11 (14.%) showed a stablemycobacteriocin pattern, but types 3 (7.%) and 7 (6.7%) were apt to show type replacement totypes 2 and , respectively, and strains belonging to types , 6 and were few, less than 1.%to the total. In order to perform a reproducible mycobacteriocin typing, our previous typingscheme was revised to be consisted of five groups (A-). Among 438 strains, mycobacteriocingroup C containing types and 7 was 46.1% of strains tested, group containing types 2, 3 and6 was .6%, group containing type 11 was 15.1%, group A containing types 1 and was.%, group containing types and 10 was .1%, and untypable strains were no more than 6.6% among all tested strains.
Human type tubercle bacilli classified as type , which consisted of more than 45% of strainstested, could be divided into three sub-types from sensitivity to M. gordonae 1324 and M. terrae 1450.
Mycobacteriocin producing strains belonging to type : showed an extremly wide antibacterialactivity to strains of more than 90% of rapidly growing mycobacteria (42 strains), to about 40% of slow growing mycobacteria (29 strains), and even to 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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In this study the field feasibility of an innovative thermal technique to improve the performance of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) used in conjunction with the preloading ground improvement method is investigated. For this purpose, two identical 6.0 m high full-scale test embankments for preloading were constructed over the soft Bangkok clay where a conventional PVD system was installed underneath one embankment and a novel prefabricated vertical thermo-drain (PVTD) system was utilized for the other. The PVTD unit consists of a U-tube made of cross-linked polyethylene plastic (PEX) that is attached to a conventional PVD unit. Preheated water at about 90°C is circulated through the attached U-tube to raise the soil temperature underneath the PVTD embankment. The behavior of the two test embankments were compared in terms of excess pore water pressure and consolidation results. The comparison shows the advantage of a PVTD system over a conventional PVD system. The rate of consolidation increases significantly in the PVTD system due to the temperature effect on the hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, the embankment with the PVTD system generates more settlement due to the thermally induced irreversible contraction of saturated normally consolidated soft Bangkok clay.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.2%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), bla_CMY-2 (

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%),

D₁

(

9

.

5

%), A₀ (7.

4

%),

B2₂

(

5

.3%) and

B2₃

(

4

.2%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.

5

and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.2%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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In view of the significant role of the water film effect in flow failure for a liquefied sandy deposit, the mechanism of water film generation is numerically studied based on a 1-dimensional model test. The process of water film growth and decay can be simulated to a certain extent by a simple consolidation analysis, which indicates that only a small difference in permeability in layered sand is enough for a water film to develop. A 1 G shaking table test for a two-dimensional slope model with an arc of silt within a saturated sand is then addressed to discuss the dilatancy effect exerted in sheared sand during flow failure. It is possible that, once the water film is formed, the transmission of shear stress through it is interrupted, leaving the sand below free from the dilatancy ; this eventually allows the water film to stay without being absorbed during flow failure. The result of another shaking table test for a trapezoidal slope with horizontal silt seams indicate that water films beneath the seams enable the soil mass above them to laterally flow along water films very gently inclined even after shaking. If a silt seam breaks due to excessive pressure in the water film, it triggers re-liquefaction in the upper sand and leads to further instability.

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S. Kawai, one of the present authors, with Prof. T. Indow, in 1964, studied about optimal levels of illumination on the basis of easiness of reading a letter, namely the “readability”, by the method of successive intervals, without referring to the conventional threshold value.
The readability S was found to be a function of illuminance , contrast C and size A of the letter, as expressed by the following empirical formula:
S=alogE++',
where a=11 and =2 (as observed at 2 m apart) and (as observed at 30cm apart), yet ', as a function of C, was not definitely determined.
The results were applied for revising the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z-9110 Recommended Levels of Illumination, in 1969.
Besides, the Tokyo Electric Power Company Inc., in 1970, consulted our Institute in regard to lighting for an overhead line work. Having known the threshold lying between 0.2 and 2lx, Prof. T. Tanabe, chairman of an ad hoc committee, recommended 200lx under an assumption of S=40.
The present authors studied on the relation between ' to contrast, as defined by the equation
C=((L_bgd-L_obj)/L_bgd)×100%,
that is “percent contrast”, and the distance of observation.
A unified formula, including as a parameter, was obtained as follows:
S=11logE+0. C+ √ (A-1) +32,
where A and are measured in centimeter.
The readability S implies:
0-unable to see,
12-threshold to read, which was found to be so in further study on the results, comparing them with those by Mr. T. Suda.
30-barely able to read,
50-practically able to read,
70--easy to read,
100-very easy to read.

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N-n-ヘキシル-マレイミド (I), N-シクロヘキシル-マレイミド (II), N-ベンジル-マレイミド (III) の単独重合, 共重合をアゾビスイソブチロニトリル (IV) を開始剤としてテトラヒドロフラン中, 60℃で行った. 単独重合の初速度 (R_p) はR_p=k [I]

2.5

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [II]

2.8

[IV]

0.80

, R_p=>k [III] ^2.7 [IV] ^0.54となった. kは速度定数である. 全重合の活性化エネルギー (

E

), 頻度係数 (A) は

E

=

22

.

8

kcal/mol (I),

22

.2kcal/mol (II), 24.1kcal/mol (III), A=

9

.

5

×10¹¹ (I), 6.

4

×10¹¹ (II), 6.6×10¹² (III) となった. またN-置換マレイミドとメタクリル酸メチル (V) との共重合におけるモノマー反応性比r₁, r₂およびQ,

e

値を次のように決定した. I (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=0.17, r₂=2.02, Q₁=0.56,

e₁

=1.43, II (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=0.13, r₂=2.29, Q₁=0.50,

e₁

=1.50, III (M₁) -V (M₂) 系でr₁=0.14, r₂=1.54, Q₁=0.79,

e₁

=1.63となった.

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厚生省の高齢者の聴力に関する研究班は65歳以上の高齢者の聴力を調査した. 測定7周波数の平均聴力レベルはA群 (65～69歳) で35.0dB, 群 (70～74歳) で42.1dB, C群 (75～79歳) で46. 1dB, 群 (～84歳) で52. 1dB, 群 (85歳以上) で55.6dBであった. すべてのグループにおいて聴力の男女差はみられず, オージオグラムの型は大部分の例で高音漸傾型を示した. 平均語音弁別能はA群で75.%, 群で70%, C群で63.%, 群で59.7%, 群で52.1%, また, SISI検査で70%以上を示した率はA群で45.2%, 群で49.3%, C群で47.%, 群で51.6%, 群で59.7%であった.

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In this paper, instead of the time-invariant state-space representation in the consequent of the T-S fuzzy model, tim,-varying system is considered in order to deal with the reconstruction error between the real system to be controlled and its T-S model, and fuzzy approximator is employed to cope with unknown functions involved in the model. As a result, it reaches an adaptive controller that has two parts: one is obtained by solving certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) (fixed part) and another one is acquired by the fuzzy approximator in which the related parameters are tuned by adaptive law (variable part). The proposed controller can guarantee the closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable.

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A methanol extract of the flowers of Mammea siamensis (Calophyllaceae) was found to inhibit enzymatic activity against aromatase (IC₅₀=16. µg/mL). From the extract, two new geranylated coumarins, mammeasins C (1) and (2), were isolated together with seven coumarins: -hydroxy--methyl-7-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)--(2-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (), -hydroxy--methyl-7-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)--(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-,-dihydropyrano[,3,2-de]chromen-2-one (10), mammeas A/AA (14), A/AB (15), A/AA cyclo (18), / (23), and /BC cyclo (25). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates including 17 previously reported coumarins, 1 (IC₅₀=2.7 µM), 2 (3.6 µM), and mammea /AB cyclo (21, 3.1 µM) showed relatively strong inhibitory activities comparable to the activity of the synthetic nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor aminoglutethimide (2.0 µM).

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the optical properties of zirconia and glass–ceramic (

.max) were affected by low-temperature degradation (aging).

Methods: Experiment samples were fabricated with seven zirconia brands (n=10): Zenostar, Zirlux, Katana, Bruxzir, DD-BioZX², DD-cubeX², NexxZr; and

.max were used as a control. This resulted in a total of samples in the experiment. The L*, a* and * were measured for each sample, and then the optical properties including translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were calculated. The samples were aged (20, 40, 60, , 100h), and the optical properties were calculated after each interval.

Results: Most zirconia brands had lower L*, higher a*, higher

* with increased aging, which visually corresponds to darker, redder, and more yellow. Aging also increased CR, lowered TP, and lowered OP. .max was also affected by aging but still had the highest TP (23.±2.), L* (81.7±3.), and lowest CR (0.41±0.05) compared to any zirconia. The Zenostar had the closest TP (24.1±0.), and L* (90.2±0.) values to .max before aging. However, after 100h of aging, the DD-cubeX² was least effected and had the highest TP (.2±0.6) and lowest CR (0.43±0.01) compared with other zirconia samples and highest OP (11.3±0.2) of all ceramic samples.

Conclusions: The optical properties of zirconia and

.max materials were affected by aging with the effects increasing with time. The magnitude of change was affected by seven brands of dental zirconia.

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ジャポニカ型のイネ苗に接種後2カ月目に分離したイネクキセンチュウ (Ditylenckus angustus) を予め一カ月間、灰色かび病菌 (Botrytis cinerea) 上で前培養した個体群 (以下「群」という) とEpicoccum purpurascens菌上で前培養した個体群 (以下「群」という) について、菌上に移植した後の発育と増殖の過程を25℃ で比較調査した。その結果、両群において、卵は2細胞期で産下され、卵期間は3日、2、3および期幼虫の期間は各々約2日で、孵化後日で成虫となった。

B

. cinena菌上での産卵は成虫化後24時間経過してから始まり、産卵のピークは、群では成虫化後6～日、群では成虫化後～日であった。産卵期間、1雌あたりの産卵数、内的自然増加率および平均寿命は両群でやや異なり、それぞれ、群では、14.日、65.71、0.37、27.34日、群では、12.日、54.53、0.35、25.30日であった。

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The Gujarat earthquake in India occurred in January, 2001, and caused significant damage in the province of Gujarat. The Japanese Geotechnical Society sent a small reconnaissance team to the damaged region after the quake. The present text presents the report from this activity. The major attention of the team was focused on geotechnical aspects of the damage which were related to earthfill dams and harbor land fills. It was found that a significant portion of damage was concentrated in fills resting on soft natural soils. Swedish weight soundings which were conducted at two places demonstrated the existence of such a soft subsoil. From this, it was concluded that amplification of earthquake shaking as well as the permanent deformation in the soft foundation soil induced such kinds of damage as subsidence, cracking, and lateral spreading in overlying artificial fills. For the better seismic resistance of those affected fills during future earthquakes, the improvement of soft subsoil seems essential.

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