This paper outlines a mathematical description of the stress dilatancy behaviour of granular materials which accounts for stress level and void ratio dependencies. The consideration of these aspects has important implications in the modelling of granular material behaviour. In fact, granular material mechanical response is largely dominated by the evolution of dilatancy, fabric and void ratio histories. The starting point in this study is the well established Rowe's theory which is revisited and ultimately modified by introducing a factor linked to governing state parameters in order to describe the complete behaviour of granular materials during deformation. Numerical simulations of triaxial tests on granular materials at different void ratios and stress levels are herein presented to illustrate the model.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (a and ) were synthesized. Compounds a and were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric 2-methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated a and (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene- (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), a (trans) and (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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A boron treated copper bearing HSLA steel containing austenite formers like manganese and nickel, somewhat lower in amount than that in HSLA 100 variety of steel is chosen for the study. The role of thermomechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the above steel has been investigated. Differential scanning calorimetric study is carried out for understanding the precipitation behaviour of copper in HSLA steel under the influence of boron. The microstructure of the experimental steel is found to consist of laths of martensites and bainite. MA constituents of ribbon like morphology are observed at the lath boundaries. Higher strength properties of the steel are attributed to the presence of finely distributed precipitates of copper and microalloy carbides.

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カンキツ主要12種を用いて染色体のクロモマイシン A₃(CMA) 染色を行った．染色体は CMA(+) バンドの有無および位置から 種類に区分できた．すなわち，CMA(+) を A: 両端および動原体近傍に有する，: 一方の端部と動原体近傍に有する，C: 両端に有する，: 一方の端部に有する，: CMA(+) がない，: 動原体近傍に有する，Dst: 付随染色体を有する 型，である．各種はこれらのうち 2～6 種類の染色体を有し，独自の CMA バンドパターンを示した．C. medica では 2 + + ，C. limon では 1 + 1C + + ，C. aurantifolia では 2 + + ，C. aurantium では 1A + 1 + 1C + + ，C. sinensis では 2+ 2C + + ，C. maxima では 3A + 3C + + ，C. paradisi では 2A + 3C + 6 + ，C. ichangensis では 2 + 2C + 12 + 2，C. latipes では 2A + C + + 3，C. micrantha では 1 + 11 + + 2Dst，C. macroptera では 2 + 1C + 11 + 3 + 1，C. hystrix では 3 + 1C + + 3 + 2 + 1Dst であった．

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The possibility of attenuation of microseismic waves due to the presence of an upward folding of the ocean bottom into the liquid is discussed in this paper. The upward folding of the ocean bottom has been idealized by means of an irregularity in the form of a rectangle intruding into the liquid and the evaluation of the displacement component at any point of the solid medium has been carried out in two stages. First, the change in the incident mode of the surface wave due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity has been determined, and second, the subsequent change of the resulting displacement components due to the termination of the liquid layer and the step change in elevation of the solid medium at the continental margin has been discovered. Finally, numerical calculation has been made to determine the attenuation of the microseismic waves of different periods due to the presence of the rectangular irregularity at the ocean bottom.

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In this study, we attempted to isolate Escherichia coli from healthy adults in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and characterized its antimicrobial resistance profile, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genotype, phylogenetic grouping and virulence gene profile. A total of 103

. coli isolates were obtained, and most of them were antimicrobial resistant such to streptomycin (.6%), tetracycline (67.%), ampicillin (65.%), sulfamethoxsazole/trimethoprim (48.%), nalidixic acid (43.%), chloramphenicol (34.%), cefotaxime (15.%), ciprofloxacin (15.%), kanamycin (12.6%), ceftazidime (10.%), fosfomycin (.%) and gentamicin (2.%). However, all these

E

. coli strains were susceptible to imipenem. Surprisingly, of 103 strains, 74 (71.%) and 43 (41.%) strains showed resistance to more than 3 and classes of antimicrobials, respectively. Furthermore, 10

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. coli strains were ESBL-producers and positive for bla_CTX-M genes ( for blaCTX-M-

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and 3 for bla_CTX-M-1), while five were additionally positive for bla_TEM genes. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that

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and 3 strains of

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. coli carry bla_CTX-M genes on their large plasmid and chromosome, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited that majority of the

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. coli strains was grouped into A (44.

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%), followed by

B

1 (23.3%),

B

2 (18.

4

%) and

D

(13.6%). Virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic

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. coli, such as astA, EAF, eaeA, elt and eagg were also detected in ESBL-producing

E

. coli as well as antimicrobial resistant strains. These data suggest that commensal

E

. coli of healthy human could be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants and some of them might be harmful to human.

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In order to elucidate the typhoid and paratyphoid phage type distributions in Japan, during the period of 1956-1965, a total of 1, 808 typhoid cases from 1, 002 foci and 114 paratyphoid cases from 87 foci were submitted for phage typing of their infected organisms, and the following results were obtained.
1. The typhoid strains tested fell into at least 30 Vi-phage types. The sequence of frequency as counted by foci was as follows : types 2 (20%), M1 (13%), 1 (12%), A (.%), N+1 (.%), 1 (2.%), 6 (2.%), 2 (2.%), 39 (1.%), H (1.1%), J1 and 46 (.%) ; C, L1 and 41 (.50%) ; 1, 3, C, , 10, 2, , , L2, T, 28, 29, 36, 38 and 47 (less than .50%) . Distri-bution of typhoid Vi-phage types in Japan was characteristic of preponderance of types 2 and M1.
2. Of the foci studied, .3% could not be assigned that their causative organisms belonged to any hitherto recognized Vi-phage type.
3. The prevalent typhoid Vi-phage types, 2, M1, 1, A and N+1 were evenly encountered throughout the last ten years and distributed among almost throughout the country.
. Some of the rearly recognized typhoid Vi-phage types were indigenous to the relatively limited areas.
. Three new Vi-phage types, 39, 41 and 47 were identified.
6. Paratyphoid phage types encountered were as follows: Types 3a (49%), 1 (33%), 3 (.%), Dundee (2.3%), 3aI (1.1%) and Beccles (1.1%) . The remainders could not he assigned to any known type.

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11-Amino-6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (6a-) and -oxepines (a-) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (2a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products a- and a-, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6a and a, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) 6 and , trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)6c and c, and trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6 and , were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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The ability of Climacodon septentrionalis to immobilize and kill a mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) in vitro is described for the first time. Two isolates produced droplets (20–45 μm in diameter) that formed at the apices of tall, stalked, and branching secretory cells (700–1,500 μm tall). On 2% modified malt extract agar, nematodes became enveloped in the droplets, which restricted their ability to move and resulted in complete immobilization and death within several hours of contact. The rate of decomposition of the nematodes varied considerably, with most individuals persisting for weeks whereas others were degraded within several days and appeared to be colonized by dense hyphal growth. This study provides the first documentation of a non-agaricoid fungus producing secretory cells that are able to immobilize nematodes.

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A detailed account is given of the syntheses of -alkyl-2-deuterioadenines (-), adenosine-2- (), and 2'-deoxyadenosine-2- () from the -substituted adenines 1- through cyclization of the aminoimidazolecarbox-amidine salts or the corresponding free bases with formic- acid- or 1-(formyl-)-2(1H)-pyridone. Glycosidic hydrolysis of with boiling .N aqueous HCl afforded adenine-2- (a) in 77% yield. Peracid oxidation of a- produced the corresponding 1-N-oxides (12a-) in fair yields. Methylation of -methyl- (12) and -benzyladenine-2- 1-oxide (12) and adenosine-2- 1-oxide (12) with MeI in AcNMe₂ gave the corresponding 1-methoxy derivatives (13, , ) in good yields. Dimroth rearrangements of 13, 13, and 13 via the free bases 14, 14, and 14 furnished the N⁶-methoxy isomers 15, 15, and 15, but their isotopic purities were unsatisfactory. Unambiguous assignments of the purine-ring proton signals in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the unlabeled adenines (1a-, 2a-, 3, , and 10) have been made by comparison with those of the labeled species (a-, 12a-, 13, , and 14).

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Serial esophagograms were obtained from 143 normal subjects who showed no abnormal findings in clinical examinations including fiberscopy and brushing cytology. The subjects were kept at the right antero-oblique position and pictures were serially taken at 1, 3, , , and seconds after a swallow of contrast medium using quarter size films. Although comprehensive observations of the entire esophagus with filling, double-contrasted and mucosal fold images were hardly made due to rapid passage of contrast medium through the esophagus, observations were made at the different levels and the following findings were obtained. The levels were; A: 3 cm above the clavicle, : clavicle, C: aortic arch, : tracheal bifurcation, : upper 1/3 between bifurcation and esophagocardiac junction (ECJ), : lower 1/3 of the above.
The transverse diameter of esophagus was the largest after 1 second, and the size was the largest at , followed by , , A, and C in this order.
The esophagocardiac junction (ECJ) was wider in the male than in the female, and the peak was observed after 3 seconds in both sexes. The width of ECJ was wider in the case in which the medium was more quickly exhausted from esophagus.
Contraction of esophageal wall first occurred at in the thoracic esophagus, and the peristalsis developed to and . Then, the second peristalsis occurred in A and .
In general, 1 to (2. on the average) folds were seen on the esophagograms. When the transverse diameter of esophagus became larger, the number of the esophageal folds increased proportionally. The width of the esophageal fold was from . 3 to . mm with a mean of 1. 52 mm. It tended to be a little wider in the lower esophagus (, , ) than in the upper (A, , C.)

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フォローアップ検査がなされた2,740例（61.

±37.月，3.33±1.64回）を初回所見別にA群：正常大腸633例，群：微小腺腫放置721例，C群：低異型度腺腫切除622例，群：高異型度腺腫，粘膜内癌切除307例，群：浸潤癌切除457例に分類し後ろ向きに検討した．異時性の低異型度腺腫，高異型度腺腫または癌（Index lesion）の累積発生率は，Kaplan-Meier法によるLogrank検定にて，両者ともA群，群，C群，群の順に段階的に有意に増加した．しかし低異型度腺腫は群で有意に減少した．3年未満，年未満のIndex lesion発生率はA群1.％，1.％，群2.3％，3.2％，C群3.2％，3.％，群.％，.3％，群6.％，.％であった．％を許容頻度とすれば，A，，C群は年間は許容され群は年間，群は3年間で許容頻度を超えた．

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【目的】LASIK後眼に対しTotal Keratometry（TK）を用いたLASIK用IOL度数計算式と従来式による予測屈折誤差を比較し、TKの有用性を評価する。

【対象及び方法】近視LASIK術後で白内障手術を施行した18例27眼（平均年齢60.

±.歳）を対象とした。眼軸長、角膜屈折力（K値）、TK値の平均±標準偏差（SD）は、26.±1.mm、39.±1.、39.2±2.であった。比較式はBarrett TK True-K（-TK）式、EVO TK（-TK）式、Haigis TK（H-TK）式とBarrett True-K（）式、EVO（）式、Haigis-L（H）式、Shammas-PL（S）式、Camellin-Calossi（C）式とした。予測屈折誤差の絶対値平均±SDと±.以内の割合を比較した。

【結果】絶対値平均±SDと±

.以内の割合は-TK式：.18±.16（96％）、-TK式：.20±.16（93％）、H-TK式：.46±.39（52％）、式：.18±.35（85％）、式（89％）：.21±.32、H式：.35±.25（78％）、S式：.29±.27（78％）、C式：.37±.33（56％）であった。

【結論】TK値を用いた

-TK式と-TK式はその他の式と比較して予測屈折誤差が同等又は小さく有用である。

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伝染性ファブリキウス嚢病ウイルス (IBDV) による免疫抑制下で, トリレオウイルス (ARV) と大腸菌 (

E

. coli) の混合感染による頭部腫脹症候群の再現を試みた. 各群～羽の1週齢SPF鶏にIBDV993株を経口接種し, 3週齢でARVMJ3810株を点眼接種後1, あるいは日に大腸菌を点眼接種し, 接種後20日に剖検したところ, 頭部の腫脹はみられなかったが, それぞれ2/羽, /羽, 1/羽に頭蓋骨air spaceおよび中耳内に炎症性病変および肉芽腫がみられた. ついで, 別の群 (A～H; 各群13～14羽) にはそれぞれ次の組合せで接種を行い, 大腸菌接種後～20日に剖検した: A (無処置), (

E

. coli), C (ARV), (ARV+

E

. coli), (IBDV), (IBDV+

E

. coli), G (IBDV+ARV), H (IBDV+ARV+

E

. coli) では, 群の2羽, H群の3羽には軽度の眼瞼腫脹がみられ, 軽度の炎症性病変を含めると, 組織学的には群の3羽, 群の2羽, 群の1羽, G群の2羽, H群の羽に頭部の病変がみられたが, 頭部皮下織炎は群の2羽, H群の羽のみに認められた.

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