This paper analyzed the relationship between waterfalls and waterworks in Edo’s daimyo gardens and revealed 2 following aspects:
1. Gardens on sloped plateau edges constructed waterfalls by utilizing natural topographical variations for waterworks flow, while gardens on plateaus or lowlands created waterfalls by building artificial hills and employing the siphon principle through waterworks pipes.
2. Plateaus offered favorable conditions for waterfall construction due to their utilization of natural topographical differences and higher waterworks availability compared to lowlands, resulting in a greater number of waterfalls. In contrast, waterfall construction in lowlands was challenging due to the absence of these factors.
