The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the 36 basic movements of exercise and the amount of physical activity.

1) The average activity intensity of the movements is constant at the play location.

2) Among the 36 movements, the high-intensity and high-activity movements are “running, jumping, walking, and standing,” which are more likely to be performed in open spaces.

3) Scattered playground equipment such as piles, athletic facilities, and iron bars play an important role in learning a variety of movements in a play environment.

This study analyzes the formation of communities and the situation of isolation in post-disaster public housing built after the Great East Japan Earthquake through three surveys conducted over a period of three and a half years. The main findings are as follows: (1) The relationships formed in temporary housing were effective in supporting the leadership of the community organization, (2) There was no significant difference in community formation between the floors, and (3) For elderly residents, using the communal space in the building helped maintain connections, but its function to form new relationships was limited.

‘Sannai’ is known as a work-live complex, specially built for Tatara operations. Sugaya Tatara Sannai Ironmaking Village is the last remaining example of ‘Sannai’. The village has experienced significant changes due to its industrial transformations over the previous century. This article aims to reveal the transformations of its spatial configurations from the Taishō to Heisei period, based on the basic morphology of ‘Sannai’, which was originally built in line with production. It also reveals the customary practice of relocations among the dwelling units provided by the mining developer, which reflects the nature of collective living.

This paper elucidates how the 1913 Gifu Station relocation and new station-front development were realised and what enabled their accomplishment. Drawing on diverse historical sources, including previously unexamined contracts, the study reveals the project’s full scope for the first time. It highlights civil engineer Hashimoto Chujiro’s pivotal role as an “Entrepreneur”. Collaborating with local volunteers from Gifu City and Kano Town, he led it as planner, engineer, designer, constructor, and land manager. His integrated approach cut costs and improved efficiency, resulting in a project scheme that closely resembles today’s Private Finance Initiative (PFI).

“The Location Optimization Plan Plus,” published in 2024, suggests that many cities in Japan should aim for a compact-plus-network approach based on “Urban conditions” and “Urban challenges” under depopulating society. In this study, “Urban conditions” are defined as the urban structural characteristics (land use, buildings, infrastructure, and population). Then, we categorized 1740 cities in Japan based on these urban structural characteristics. As a result of cluster analysis, they were classified into 30 categories. Through the result, it was clarified that the characteristics and issues difference among categories. In addition, we summarized key issues for planning future urban restructuring.

This study analyzes the status of express bus terminal development in five prefectures in the Kyusyu region. The organization of both rail and bus perspectives in the Kyusyu region confirmed that there are serious problems in maintaining the public transportation network, and in particular, the facility functions are inadequate in the mountainous areas. The study showed the importance of maintaining small bus terminals even in areas where railroads are likely to be closed and the number of public transportation users is not expected to increase.

In this study, with the aim of understanding the role of bookstores in local revitalization, authors analyzed the relationships between the number of bookstores and the three local revitalization factors of “Liveliness,” “Connection with the community,” and “New businesses,” from both objective and subjective perspectives in provincial cities across Japan. The objective evaluation revealed a certain relationship between the number of bookstores and local revitalization factors, while the subjective evaluation revealed that the ancillary functions of bookstores and the tendency to use them can influence the evaluation of the local communities.

This study investigates the relationship between user characteristics, spatial attributes, and space utilization in community-based elderly care facilities through a 12-hour observational survey.

The findings indicate that care level of users, presence of cognitive impairment, per capita space, number of usable corners in shared areas, spatial relationship between private rooms and living-dining (LD) areas, and the distance between LD and bedrooms significantly affect user behavior. Optimizing room allocation and shared space design based on physical conditions is essential for promoting activity and social engagement.

This study uses a child-centered approach to explore how children in Al-Wehdat Refugee Camp in Amman perceive and use play spaces. Through participatory drawings, focus groups, and field observation, the research highlights the central role of informal spaces in everyday play and shows how children negotiate issues of safety, parental authority, and neighborhood dynamics in shaping their play experiences. In doing so, the study also underscores the importance of integrating child-centered perspectives into refugee camp planning and humanitarian responses, where play remains an essential yet overlooked dimension in children’s well-being.

Japan is promoting an efficient healthcare system amid rising medical demand and a declining working-age population, emphasizing the role of primary care physicians (“Kakaritsukei”). However, unclear certification criteria pose challenges. This study analyzes medical receipt data to examine the location and functional characteristics of certified facilities. Results show significant differences in primary care capacity based on certification. While some facilities provide local healthcare, specialized clinics attract patients from wider areas. Additionally, in medically underserved regions, uncertified facilities may function as de facto primary care providers. These findings highlight the need for better certification standards.

This study aims to evaluate interaction spaces on university campuses by developing two spatial indicators: Enclosure Degree (E) and Pedestrian Flow Visibility (V). The former represents the psychological sense of enclosure, calculated from panoramic image-based solid angles weighted by logarithmic distance. The latter quantifies the visible pedestrian stimulus by integrating pedestrian density, movement frequency, and observable road length. An empirical analysis was conducted at the lawn plaza of Tokyo Metropolitan University. The results of zero-inflated negative binomial regression indicate that moderate levels of E and V positively correlate with the number of social interactions, whereas extreme values may hinder interaction.

This study proposes a decision support method for construction planning in ramen precast concrete (RPC) structures. By formalizing construction and manufacturing knowledge a parametric BIM model based on “panel zones” is developed. A genetic algorithm (GA) is then applied to optimize construction methods using multiple evaluation criteria such as number of joints and fabrication efficiency. Through numerical simulations、 the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed BIM-GA framework are demonstrated. This approach enables rational planning beyond individual experience and supports knowledge transfer in the contractor or PCa industry.

This study classifies condominium housing based on housing succession smoothness to identify key elements. Smooth succession groups consistently maintain short vacancy periods, a finding that defies the market logic that aging leads to lower prices. Formal elements like organizational structure or age were found to be irrelevant. Instead, close resident relationships based on mutual trust and assistance were deemed crucial. While neighborhood association status showed no direct link to succession, active engagement in community activities led by the condominium owners’ association proved key. These soft community elements demonstrably overcome market logic, providing essential insights for a stock-oriented housing society.

This study examines and analyzes the possibility of using BIM in property management for commercial real estate. It also examines effective BIM construction methods for existing large facilities that are not new constructions, and conducts a feasibility study of BIM use in the facilities to examine the effects of BIM use in property management.

The following three aspects of the stone industry in the Izu Peninsula were analyzed.

1. During the early to mid-Meiji era, the Izu Peninsula's stone industry held approximately 70 to 80 percent of the stone used in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

2. Analysis of major stone production areas around the Tokyo metropolitan area in the early Taisho era revealed that stones from the Izu Peninsula, Boshu, Oya and Inada were in high demand.

3. Stones from the Izu Peninsula were transported by both sea and rail, with railway development greatly expanding sales channels for Japan’s stone industry.

This study examines 136 stilt houses of ethnic minorities in the Duliu River Basin, focusing on floor-plan types, distribution, and features. Based on three residential forms and five hall types, seven types are identified. Analysis shows that the “Kanlan/Kōchō” type dominates the upper basin, while the “Kanlan/Kanrō” type prevails in the middle and lower basin. The “Chikyo/Chūdō” type is concentrated on the northern middle basin, and hybrid types are also confirmed. Their chronological characteristics are examined, and ritual culture is analyzed to clarify the ethnic attributes of floor plans.

From the beginning of 20^th century, BFBS has established a broad network of selling Christ Bible with Shanghai Bible House as a head quarter in East Asia. The author analyzed the construction process and architectural composition of Kobe Depot of BFBS in the previous paper, which found that BFBS’s architecture was built for the purpose of selling Bibles.

To that extent, this paper tries to clarify the planning process and architectural design of depots in China in the 1900s, aiming to provide a basic knowledge on the architectural compositions and spatial characteristic of BFBS depot in Modern East Asia.

This paper aims to analyse the ‘equipment’ of the interior spaces of Le Corbusier’s apartment (1933), i.e. the process by which the new interior decoration was transformed after the flat’s completion. Renovations were intermittently repeated in response to the unpredictable external factors of wife and climate, while Le Corbusier carefully tried to order the new ‘equipment’. It is almost reduced to the question of primitive art in living spaces. In other words, Le Corbusier tried to spread ‘art’ (as equipment) as ‘vitality of life’ throughout the living space.

This paper is a part of the research to characterize and identify the architectural theory of Fumitaka Nishizawa (1915-1986) through his articles. The keywords were sorted out as items and examined from the viewpoint of hierarchy of the meaning. The first level items of his architectural theory are 【Architecture】, 【Garden】, and 【Relationship between Architecture and Gardens】. This paper is examining【Garden】.

This study analyzes architectural explanation videos published on architecture information websites to clarify visual expression techniques based on subject depiction structures. Main subjects were assigned to each shot, and N-gram analysis was used to extract patterns in depiction sequences. Correspondence analysis and multinomial logistic regression were applied to examine the relationship between visuals and speech. The results show that meaning is formed through sequences of different subjects, and depictions of interior spaces, exterior spaces, exteriors, and parts play key roles. A consistent alignment between spoken content and visuals was also observed.

The present paper analyzes the spatial composition of the Cathedral of Monreale in Norman Sicily in the twelfth century, focusing on the theme and layout of the paintings. The longitudinal church without a dome is decorated with Byzantine paintings forming a unified space. Around the apse at the east end, the vertical space overlaps with the horizontal space from the west to the east. This establishes a three-dimensional religious space. Based on the space of ancient Roman longitudinal churches, a holy space was devised with the layout of the Byzantine paintings centered on the apse.