住要求の構造に関する研究 (第 2 報) : 予備調査の報告

抄録

This study constitutes the second report on a coninuing research project concerning dwelling space. The purpose of the current study is to pre-test the questionnaire which was designed according to an analytical model developed in the first report. The study examines the following three issues : 1) replicability of survey results; 2) the applicability of analytical axes; and 3) the validity of each survey item. In addition, the research explores two issues in search of hypotheses which are to be verified later in the main part of the project. They are 1) residential strata divisions and 2) dwelling needs. The questionnaire survey was conducted in October 1971 following the selection of survey items for each analytical axis. An analysis of the data resulted in the following observations relating to the aforementioned five issues. 1) As regards the replicability of survey results, a high 0.935 coefficient of reliability was obtained when Rulou's formula was applied to the scores which were separated into two groups by the split-half method. As a result, the replicability of this type of survey result seems plausible. 2) A factor analysis of the axes confirmed in general that each axis constitutes a prime factor in living ocnditions as expressed in dwelling. However, some irregularities in detail were detected. 3) The evaluation of survey items by means of a B coefficient of belonging demonstrated that most items are appropriate. The B coefficient of belong for some items concerning family relations was quite hight. 4) 14 residential strata were postulated on the basis of housing and occupants after an evaluation of data on each survey item. 5) When the structure of dwelling needs was examined on the basis of canonical correlation, the following points were indicated. a) An overall improvement program must be devised in order to solve the specific dwelling needs of the strata at lower living standards, since their needs tend to be inseparable from each other. b) The dwelling problems of the upper strata are more amenable to solution since the needs in such cases can be more independently solved compared to that of lower strata.