抄録
What value can we find out in the historic quarters? And how to conserve them? It is difficult to say that we have all the answeres to this question in the context of modern cities. This report deals with the problem from the view point of urban planning, especially how to coordinate individual buildings and their agglomeration, in the case of NARA and KAWAGOE, typical historic towns composed of traditional town houses, machiyas. Analising the two cases with different types of machiyas, it is ascertained that some principles of the form which the individual machiyas have in common enable them to share the limited environmental conditions as much as possible even in the agglomeration of high density. Particularly the principles cooperating closely, in NARA two kinds of zones are formed over individual units on the axis of a road symmetrically; the building zone and the back courtyard zone. In KAWAGOE the former is divided into the shop zone and the residential zone with side courtyards. Forming these zones the courtyards surely guarantee much more environmental conditions than locating at random. By this self-controlled system the historic quarters have an ideal relationship between buildings and their agglomeration. This might be one of the values of the historic quarters in our age, when urban spaces are in a state of confusion. And by the means of making a rule following the zones inherited, we can keep the order of historic towns which are being confused.
