This study proposes a rehabilitation method (emergency retrofitting) to restore the axial compression capacity and shear resistance mechanism of shear-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns. For the emergency retrofitting of shear-damaged RC columns, coupler and aramid fiber belts are used. The key concept of this approach is to provide active confinement to firmly confine damaged RC columns externally. The active confinement is used to close cracks in damaged RC columns and to recover their vertical and lateral load-carrying capacities and ductility. To investigate the rehabilitation capacity using fiber-belt prestressing, axial compression and cyclic loading tests were conducted in this study.