Exploratory Study on Factors Associated with the Quality of Defecation among Older Adults Requiring Long-term Care in Special Nursing Home A Practicing Independence Supportive Care

抄録

This preliminary study aimed to identify factors associated with the quality of defecation among older adults requiring long-term care residing in Special Nursing Home A, which practices independence supportive care. We examined the characteristics of good quality defecation in relation to physical and cognitive functions, as well as the role of standardized care practices. Sixty residents who were traceable as of September 2022 were included. Changes in related factors over 1 and 2 years were comparatively analyzed. The defecation status significantly declined among residents with ill-fitting dentures from 2023 to 2024. Over the 2-year period, the defecation status generally improved in residents with well-fitting dentures, while improvements were less likely to be sustained among those with ill-fitting dentures. Residents whose defecation status improved also generally had a higher fluid intake and longer indoor walking distances. Denture fit, fluid intake, and physical activity may be associated with the quality of defecation, potentially through their influence on masticatory function, nutritional intake, and intestinal function. However, these findings are based on observational data and cannot be interpreted as causal. Overall, the results suggest that improving and maintaining the defecation status may require multifaceted and continuous support, including appropriate denture management, adequate hydration, and opportunities for physical activity. As an exploratory and hypothesis‑generating study, these findings require confirmation in future research with larger samples and more robust designs.