抄録
This paper examines countermeasures against influence operations related to elections in the United States. Influence operations and countermeasures against them are often conducted behind closed doors, making it difficult to examine them using publicly available materials. Furthermore, the relationship between countermeasures against influence operations and hybrid warfare is not clear. In the United States, technology to counter influence operations is being developed, and federal funds are being invested in attribution and AI technology development. Attribution is required for interference in federal elections. Influence operation countermeasures are also incorporated into election security. CISA promotes MDM as part of election security.
Despite debates in the Constitution and international law as to whether the military should be used to combat election interference, the military is deployed to combat election interference from foreign governments and entities. However, PCA restrictions require separation of the military and police. Finally, this paper discusses the problems with Japan’s influence operations measures.
https://ror.org/02rqvrp93 
