東アジアの水産物貿易

―分業化とシステム化の動きを中心に―

抄録

The purpose of this study is to identify the distinctiveness of the fisheries foreign trade in East Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, and Southeast Asian countries). First, the dynamic change observed in the fisheries trade is explained with a focus on international division of labor in the fisheries and processing industries, and on an ever-increasing demand for fisheries products, driven by economic growth. Second, those appropriate systems and procedures in fisheries and processing businesses that would be required for achieving international competitiveness are discussed. The expansion of good aquaculture practice (GAP) is a controversial issue in global aquaculture development because of a perceived negative impact on small-scale farmers. However, in Thailand, the government has encouraged shrimp farmers to adopt GAP procedures in collaboration with the shrimp processing companies since the mid-1990s. Supported by extension services and research institutions, the farmers have invested considerable effort to improve their GAP-based aquaculture. Export-oriented processing companies have also accepted several certifications, including HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point), GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), and ISO. In East Asian countries like Thailand, fisheries and processing industries have systematized a part of the “farm to table” concept for food safety. Such a strategic approach substantially contributes in further development of the industries.