抄録
Rural societies in the mountainous and the semimountainous areas are facing three kinds of crises; loss of self-identity, degradation of environment and the obstruction of reproduction of communities. In order to avoid these crises, it is necessary to rebuild the whole process of living, consisting of material, mental and political aspects, and to bring about redistribution of population. The choice of residential place is determined not only by economic factors, including varieties of opportunity costs, but noneconomic factors such as mental and political aspects. Recently the latter factors became more important. According to a case study in Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture, where not a few persons migrated from the cities, a semi-official organization is playing an important role so as to decrease mental and political costs, that migrants to rural areas will face. In addition, complex system of use for public facilities and collaboration among neighbouring towns and villages are required for the preparation of mental aspects such as education, cultural activities, nursing for elders, etc.
