抄録
The theme of this lecture was “Environmental Conservation and Agricultural Planning in West Germany”. The lecture reviewed the situation of environmental conservation and agricultural planning after the 18th Century in the following way:
1) The conception “Landeskultur” was founded in the 18th Century and the agricultural planning began with this conception.
2) The Landscape Architects, who planned many parks and gardens between 1790-1850, invented the conception that rural landscapes should be made like a park.
3) The goals of “Landeskultur” were good agricultural business, and technical improvement. The goal of “Landespflege” was conservation, and preservation of the cultural landscape.
4) Through rural area consolidation (intensive farming, mechanized agriculture, etc.) small ecological structures and the natural “Biotop” disappeared.
5) The laws of land consolidation and the laws of nature conservation were revised in 1976. The landscape plan was placed in the law of land consolidation.
6) The best size of farm land is in ecological terms 5-10 hectares.
7) In agricultural planning, wild life areas, and natural vegetation (=natural “Biotop”) must be preserved and protected.
8) Through the Biotop-mapping was cleared the conservation of the area.
10 percent of the farm land in order to protect the natural “Biotop”. Finally, I emphasize that the ecological aspects (ex. the mutual relationship between ecosystems and engineering) must be considered by agricultural planners in the future.
