抄録
With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, distributed generation and microgrids—key components of future smart power systems—are exhibiting increasing diversity and complexity in practical applications. Due to the intermittency of energy sources, the distributed nature of control architectures, and uncertainties in operating environments, the stability of microgrid systems has become an increasingly prominent issue. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in the field of distributed generation and microgrid stability, with a focus on the topology, control architecture, and operational modes of microgrids. It categorizes and analyzes major stability assessment methods under both grid-connected and islanded operating conditions. Furthermore, it explores the development trends of critical control technologies such as virtual synchronous generator control, droop control, and adaptive control, and evaluates stability challenges under scenarios involving high penetration of renewable energy, system disturbances, and dynamic mode transitions. The paper also summarizes the application outcomes and research frontiers of emerging technologies—such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence algorithms, and advanced energy storage systems—in enhancing microgrid stability. Finally, it identifies key scientific problems and core technical bottlenecks that need to be addressed, and proposes research pathways for sustainable development and directions for multidimensional technological integration. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge framework and frontier insights for scholars and engineers engaged in distributed generation and microgrid stability research, contributing to the development of highly stable and resilient new power systems.
