抄録
Space-based solar power (SBSP) is increasingly regarded as a transformative solution for achieving sustainable, large-scale clean energy supply under global carbon neutrality initiatives, owing to its ability to continuously harvest solar energy without the temporal and geographical constraints of terrestrial photovoltaic systems. Recent advances in heavy-lift launch vehicles, on-orbit manufacturing and autonomous assembly, together with significant progress in microwave- and laser-based wireless power transmission, have accelerated the evolution of SBSP from conceptual design toward engineering realization. Meanwhile, system architectures have progressively evolved from monolithic rigid platforms to modular, flexible, and distributed configurations, offering improved scalability while introducing greater complexity in system integration and operation. This review presents a systematic synthesis of recent advances in SBSP from a systems engineering perspective by establishing a unified analytical framework that integrates system architectures, wireless power transmission technologies, key enabling technologies, and engineering implementation strategies. Representative SBSP architectures are comparatively evaluated with respect to structural characteristics, mass-to-power ratio, multiphysics coupling, deployment complexity, and operational reliability, while microwave- and laser-based power transmission technologies are critically assessed in terms of transmission efficiency, atmospheric effects, beam control, safety, scalability, and engineering applicability. The review further identifies the principal barriers to large-scale SBSP deployment, including the stability of ultra-large space structures, multiphysics-coupled beam pointing and energy conversion, high-voltage power management and thermal control, launch and in-orbit assembly costs, and overall system economics. Finally, future research priorities are proposed, emphasizing integrated multiphysics design, intelligent autonomous assembly, high-efficiency wireless power transmission, and phased engineering deployment guided by technology maturity. By bridging fundamental technologies with engineering implementation, this review provides a systematic research roadmap and decision framework for advancing next-generation SBSP systems from laboratory-scale validation to practical large-scale deployment.
