研究ノート
「生態移民」政策による酪農経営の課題
2007 年 53 巻 1 号 p. 58-65
詳細
2007 年 53 巻 1 号 p. 58-65
Recently, dairy farming in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China has grown significantly. Milk production in 2004 was 4.98 million tonnes, an increase of 61.6% over 2003levels. As of June 2004, the number of dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian in particular) had reached800,000.
It should be noted that the growth of dairy farming in Inner Mongolia is closely related to the recent rapid development of the dairy product industry in China as a whole, which has beenshowing an annual average increase of production of about 33% during the period from 1998 to2003.
The growth of dairy farming in Inner Mongolia is at least partly a product of the Chinese government’s policies to counter poverty. The Chinese government has been addressing theproblems of poverty in China for some time and has achieved a certain measure of success. The economically disadvantaged population is concentrated in the western parts of China, and the Chinese government therefore initiated the ‘Great Western Development’ policy in 2000, and in Inner Mongolia the ‘Ecological Migration’ policy has been put into operation. The ‘Ecological Migration’ policy involves moving citizens from areas where natural conditions are quite poor to areas with better conditions, and encouraging them to embark on autonomous farm management.The main purposes of this policy include helping the population to escape from poverty, improvement of ecological systems, and preservation of the environment, i.e. the policy is aimed at improving both the environment and people’s livelihoods.
Given the local resources and the progress of leading dairy product enterprises in Inner Mongolia, the strategy of escaping from poverty through dairy farming under the ‘Ecological Migration’ policy has become very popular.
Based on the above, this study analyzes the profitability of dairy farming management under the ‘Ecological Migration’ policy to elucidate the existing issues, and examines whether the improvement of ecological systems, preservation of environment and escape from poverty, which are the main purposes of this policy, are feasible.
