カントにおける文明化と陶冶 : 「美しい技術や学問」との関連から

抄録

In this paper, I examine Kant's conceptions of civilization and culture, which beautiful arts and sciences promote. In the 18th century, Rousseau blamed arts and sciences, because they let human beings collapse morally. On the contrary, Hume appreciated them, for they promote sociability and are the beginning of civilization. In Observation and Universal History, Kant shared the view with Hume. He thought that a feeling of honor and unsociable sociability which were human nature promoted civilization. Having the feeling of honor, one can take another standpoint and be socialized. In this view, beautiful arts and sciences are of public value. In Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790), Kant argued about culture from the standpoint of teleology. There, he thought that civilization was inadequate for ultimate end of nature. Because civilization do no more than acquire skill and there is no will. In teleology, Kant interprets that culture of discipline, which arts and sciences promote is ultimate end, for the pleasure that is universally communicable in arts and sciences makes human civilized (gesittet). I point out that in concept of culture of discipline Kant attached importance to arts and sciences. By them we can make unique community.