Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of the Antihypercalcemic Effect of Incadronate Disodium in Rats

Abstract

Incadronate concentrates into the bone as a target organ after intravenous administration of incadronate disodium. Mature osteoclasts has take up incadronate from the bone surface and convert it from an active to an inactive form. As a result, incadronate decreases the plasma calcium concentration by suppressing bone resorption. In this study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis model for ascertaining the antihypercalcemic effects of incadronate disodium was developed in rats. Data on both the concentration of incadronate in bone and that of free calcium in blood after intravenous administration from our previous study were used for analysis. To estimate the concentrations in the surface layer of bone, data on the concentration of incadronate in bone after single intravenous administration were analyzed based on the PK model considering three-compartments. The estimated concentrations in the surface layer in bone were applied to the PD model as an input function. The PD model was developed to analyze the changes in the plasma calcium concentration after a single intravenous administration considering an irreversible inhibition of osteoclast activity. The obtained fitted curves were in good agreement with the observed data. The model could explain the long duration of the antihypercalcemic effect of incadronate disodium and should be useful for planning rational dose regimens for effective antihypercalcemic therapy.