Trends of the Use of Anti-methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Agents in Japan Based on Sales Data from 2006 to 2015

Abstract

Patterns of the use of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents in Japan might be influenced by the launch of new anti-MRSA agents, the publication of relevant guidelines, and the increase in the number of generic medicines. However, as anti-MRSA agents are included in multiple anatomical therapeutic chemical classifications, such as glycopeptides and aminoglycosides, the trends of the use of individual anti-MRSA agents remain unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the trends of anti-MRSA agent use in Japan from 2006 to 2015 based on sales data. Total anti-MRSA agent use was found to have significantly increased from 2006 to 2015 (P_{for trend} = 0.027, r = 0.00022). Individual trends for vancomycin (VCM), daptomycin, and linezolid (LZD) use showed significant increases, while those for arbekacin (ABK) and teicoplanin (TEIC) showed decreases. In addition, oral LZD use significantly increased, while there was no significant change in intravenous LZD use. The ratio of oral LZD use to total LZD use increased from 25.5% in 2006 to 39.9% in 2015. Meanwhile, TEIC and ABK use decreased, while VCM use increased, following the launch of generic medicines. These results might reflect the status of guideline compliance, the launch of new anti-MRSA agents, and the decline in the sales promotion of the original medicines. It is extremely important to investigate trends for the use of not only different antibiotic groups but also individual antibiotics to develop and implement antimicrobial resistance countermeasures.

Graphical Abstract