Protective Effects of Various Drugs on Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)-Induced Toxicity and Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation in Mice and Rats

Abstract

The protective effects of clinically used drugs on the toxicity and microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADM), an anthracycline type antitumor agent, were studied in mice and rats. Regarding the effects of anthracyclines (aclarubicin, ACL; daunorubicin, DAU; ADM; epirubicin, EPI; pirarubicin, PIR) on rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, ACL had the smallest effect, and effectiveness increased in the order of PIR, ADM, DAU and EPI. The increasing effect of lipid peroxidation induced by these drugs was closely correlated with the decrease in the body weight of mice administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg and in rats at LD₅₀ of the drugs. The survival times of ADM-administered mice (which were injected 15 mg/kg of ADM twice) treated with the following drugs, expressed as a percent of that of the control group, were 236% for adenosine triphosphate, 224% for coenzyme Q₁₀ (Co Q), 235% for dextran sulfate (DS), 123% for dipyridamole, 121% for flavin adenine dinucleotide, 213% for reduced glutathion, 155% for inositol nicotinate, 157% for nicardipin and 297% for nicomol. The rat heart microsomal lipid peroxidation levels in vivo may be one of the indications of ADM-induced toxicity. The levels treated with DS correlated well with the development of ADM-induced toxicity : mouse survival time, change of body weight and tissue wet weight loss. Another type of drug, such as Co Q, may improve the myocardiac mitochondrial functions compared to those of ADM-administered mice.