In 14 experiments with intraunterinely depleted goats getting < 20 μg V/kg ration DM, V-deficient goats suffered pain in the extremities, developed swollen tarsal joints of the forefeet, glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium and increased size of pancreas, thymus and thyroid compared with controls. The normative requirement of Vanadium (V) for animals amounts to > 20 μg diet DM and < 5 μg V/day for adult humans.
