和歌並びに狂歌と武事

抄録

In the present paper such materials as Manyo (the oldest tanka collection), Chokusen- Wakashu (tanka collections compiled by Imperial command), and other history books and stories are reviewed and the frequencies in use of hunting, wars, battle fields, weapons, warriors, and their ways and ideas of life described in those materials are examined with the change of times.
In 39650 tankas contained in 23 volumes including Manyo and Chokusen-Wakashues there is no tanka which touches on budo itself, but there are 274 tankas on such military affairs and materials as wars, weapons worriors etc. Frequencies are 164 on bows and arrows,60 on hunting, and 43 on swords. Most of them are used as set epithets or associate words.
In 773 tankas in 73 volumes which had been compiled after Kojiki and Nihon-Shoki (ancient chronicles compiled in 8th century) there are 299 tankas on hunting,211 in bows and arrows,51 on hunting, and 4 excellent tankas on archery stakes. No tanka which touches on sechie-zumo (wrestling held at the court banquet) which had been held extensively from ancient times through middle ages and kemari (football introduced from ancient China) which was the required culture for the nobles appears in those volumes.
It is worth notice that the section which concerns to Buddhism was prepared in Chokusen- Wakashu after Goshuin- Wakashu (one of the Chokusen- Wakashues), and the view of fate and uncertainty of life began to be composed. It is also worthy to note that this philosophy of Buddhism especially zen Buddhism which has spread in samurai society with the beginning of Kamakura era (1192), was related to such samurai's view of fate as shisei-ichijo (death is equivalent to life) and fujaku-shinmyo (disregard of life). These thoughts had developed afterwards into loyalty to a country and a lord. It was the transitional period from the feudal age to the Meiji era when such a thought was in full bloom.