嘉納治五郎の柔道観の力点と構造～言説分析によるアプローチから～

抄録

Jigoro Kano established Judo in 1882 and until his death in 1938 he promulgated the values of Judo through his many essays and texts. The purpose of this study was to clarify the emphasis and structure of values in Judo by Kano through an analysis of these texts.
The research method undertaken was to set 8 main categories into which all the values espoused in Kano's work could be divided these being: (1) Moral, (2) Intellectual,(3) Physical,(4) Technique, (5)Martial art, (6)Seiryku-zenyou,(7) Jita-Kyouei (8) Cultural identity. The contents of his essays can be broken down and allocated to one or more of these categories. The emphasis and structure of values seen in Judo by Kano can be thought of as the sum each of these categories.
The following results were revealed as summarized.
1. The value of “Moral training” was seen most often, therefore, it was thought that Kano emphasised it as the most important value in fostering superior personalities through Judo training. Even though Ju-jitsu as a traditional martial art had valued “Moral training” only for Samurai class, Kano realised it's value for the general public.
2. The “Physical” value of training the body was also strongly emphasized. It was well-known that Kano appreciated this value from the view points of being strong and well-balanced body, and the useful for ordinary life.
3. In the technical aspect of Judo, Kano valued the principle of beating opponents by using their strength which was original in the period of Meiji era. The practice of techniques was classified into Kata (via prearranged orders and methods) and Randori (free practice), Ranori was valued for making strong body and spirit, and Kata was for physical fitness for general. Kano rationalised Judo techniques through a compare with other Western sports and gymnastics.
4. Kano also valued Judo as a type of strong marital art. He realised the value of “self-defense”. Therefor, he emphasized throwing techniques in Randori and striking techniques in Kata. He also emphasized a serious attitude in practising as seen though the view point of traditional “Shugyou”thought. The reason for this was to foster superior personality through the experience of high spiritual tension.
5. “Seiryoku-zenyou” and “Jita-Kyouei” became the philosophy of Judo from the Taisho era. “Seiryokuzenyou” meant the most effective use of one's spiritual and physical strength and “Jita-Kyouei”meant revolving around harmonious relationships between oneself and others. Kano seemed to emphasis “Seiryoku-zenyou” rather than “Jita-Kyouei” in a Judo context, because “Seiryoku-zenyou”was more closely related to Judo practice.
6. Kano valued Judo as a from of Japanese “Cultural identity” during the time of Meiji era. After the Taisho era., he saw the value in developing Judo in order to internationalized culture.