Effects of Cardioprotective Drugs on 90-Day Mortality or Heart Transplantation in Patients With Fulminant Myocarditis

Abstract

Background: Cardioprotective drugs have not been previously shown to improve the prognosis in patients with fulminant myocarditis presentation (FMP). We aimed to investigate whether cardioprotective drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and β-blocker, administered during hospitalization improved the prognosis in patients with FMP.

Methods and Results: This multicenter cohort study conducted in Japan included 755 patients with clinically diagnosed FMP. Those who died within 14 days of admission were excluded, and 588 patients (median age 53 [37–65] years and 40% female) were evaluated. The primary outcome was the composite of 90-day mortality or heart transplantation. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to whether they were administered ACEI/ARB or β-blocker during hospitalization. Administration of ACEI/ARB without β-blocker improved the overall patient outcomes (log-rank test [vs. ACEI/ARB − and β-blocker −]: ACEI/ARB + and β-blocker −, P<0.001; ACEI/ARB − and β-blocker +, P=0.256). Subsequently, a matched cohort of 146 patient pairs was generated for patients with or without ACEI/ARB administration during hospitalization. The outcome-free survival at 90 days was significantly higher in the ACEI/ARB administration group than in the non-administration group (hazard ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.71).

Conclusions: Administration of ACEI or ARB during hospitalization was associated with favorable outcomes in terms of 90-day mortality and heart transplantation events in patients with clinically diagnosed FMP.