米国州立研究大学における大学院学生への経済支援

—カリフォルニア大学における機関経済支援の構造—

抄録

This study focuses on the characteristics of financial support policies and funding strategies for graduate students at public universities in the United States, particularly in California. Although support for graduate students at the institution level is a timely and important topic for public research universities in both Japan and the United States, these countries differ significantly in terms of policies and strategies. In the United States, graduate students receive a wide variety of support, including merit-based fellowships, need-based grants, teaching and research assistantships, and other sources. Financial from funding support programs are used in conjunction with institutional and external funds to provide diverse types of support, which can vary based upon factors, such as field of study and targeted degree. In California, for example, in all disciplines, academic doctoral students typically receive net stipends that far exceeds that of professional-degree students. Competition is the most significant factor driving these differences. In this context, financial support for graduate students is an important recruitment tool for research universities. Therefore, at the graduate level, competition-driven, market-based financial support is a critical element for research universities in the United States.