A 9-year-old Boy with Summer-type Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis that was Initially Diagnosed as Bronchial Asthma: A Case Report

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A 9-year-old boy was admitted to hospital for bronchial asthma due to respiratory distress with SpO₂ 86% under room air and failure of earlier treatment. Diffuse interstitial shadows in the bilateral lung fields were found on chest CT. He was diagnosed with an asthmatic attack, treated with intravenous steroids, and discharged after 2 weeks. One week after discharge, his respiratory status worsened again. In an interview, it was found that he had previously had coughing and dyspnea in the summer, and that he lived in a 50-year-old wooden house. Additionally, restriction of outings due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the duration of antigen exposure at home. On admission, the patient was also found to be positive for anti-Trichosporon asahii antibody. Based on all of this information, he was diagnosed with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This case indicates the need for a detailed interview including the living environment, chest CT, and measurement of anti-Trichosporon asahii antibodies for a patient with chronic cough that does not respond to treatment, based on a suspicion of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis.