Detailed Consideration of Physicochemical Properties of CO₃apatites as Biomaterials in Relation to Carbonate Content Using ICP, X-ray Diffraction, FT-IR, SEM, and HR-TEM

Abstract

CO₃apatites with different carbonate contents were synthesized at 60±1°C and pH 7.4±0.2 under different carbonate concentrations (0-0.3 mol/ L) in the supplied solutions. Their physicochemical properties were analyzed using various methods. Inductively coupled plasma gave accurate chemical analysis data for calcium and phosphate contents. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a clear chemical shift at high carbonate content. A CO₃^2- absorption peak area approximately proportional to carbonate content was observed through Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a dramatic change of the crystal shape. Osteoblast proliferation at the surface of each CO₃apatite-collagen sponge indicated that osteoblasts deformed to expand and cover the surface of the sponge, and appeared to adhere well to the sponge.