The introduction of self-adhesive filling materials has shown advantage in clinical use due to reduced procedure time. The newly developed self-adhesive Surefil One (SO) was compared to other current self-adhesive materials Vertise Flow (VF) and GC Fuji II LC (FJ). Shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin, flexural strength and water sorption were measured at 24 h and 4 weeks. Fluoride release was measured up to 4 weeks. SO showed intermediate fluoride-release that was higher than VF, but lower than FJ. SO demonstrated lower flexural strength than VF at 24 h but maintained that same strength to 4 weeks. SO had SBS comparable to FJ and VF at 24 h but it decreased at 4 weeks. Caution should be exercised when selecting and using SO, as well as the other two self-adhesive materials. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy for their clinical use in direct restorations.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate Bis-GMA-free pulp capping materials incorporating bioactive glass (BG). Experimental Bis-GMA-free resin-based materials (TC2.1) were formulated with varying concentrations of 45S BG (0, 10, and 20 wt%). Degree of conversion (DC) was measured using FT-IR-ATR spectrometry. Cell viability was assessed through MTS assay on human dental pulp stem cells. Wound healing capacity was evaluated using scratch assay, while odontogenic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining. TC2.1+BG0% achieved highest DC (68.1±3.5%), with values decreasing as BG content increased (TC2.1+BG20%: 34.4±4.2%). All formulations maintained cell viability above 80%, with TC2.1+BG20% demonstrating superior wound healing capacity and highest ALP activity compared to commercial controls. Mineralization assays showed enhanced calcium deposition in TC2.1+BG20% by day 14. This novel material demonstrates promising biocompatibility and mineralization-inducing properties while maintaining adequate polymerization efficiency, offering potential advantages for vital pulp therapy applications.

This study evaluated the chemical profile of toothpastes (TPs) and mouthrinses (MRs) and their effects on tooth enamel ultrastructure, and the viability of human dental pulp fibroblasts (hDPF). Four TPs and MRs containing different remineralizing agents (arginine, potassium nitrate, pro arginine, and stannous chloride) were analyzed for pH, titratable acidity (TA), and ion concentrations (Ca⁺², K⁺, Na⁺²). Enamel ultrastructure was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability was assessed after treatments exposure. TPs and MRs had pH values ranging from 4.43 to 8.87, with SnCl₂-MR showing the highest TA. Alterations in enamel surface were observed with decrease of Amide I, carbonate and potassium peaks. Combinations of TP+MR reduced calcium concentration. Cell viability was reduced as response to all TP+MR combinations, except to ProArg-MR. These findings suggest that combining TPs and MRs may not enhance their effectiveness and could harm enamel and dental pulp cells.

Oral candidiasis is a significant health concern, especially for elderly individuals. The present study examined chitosan as a potential antimicrobial dental material for Candida albicans treatment. Four types of chitosan products purified from Chionoecetes opilio and Decapodiformes, with varying weight average molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (DAC) were used. Antimicrobial activity was assessed with fungal viability assays, culture turbidity measurements, and live/dead cell staining, while mechanism of action was determined by examining extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression changes. All examined products exhibited antimicrobial activity, with Decapodiformes-derived chitosan showing better efficacy. Greater molecular weight was correlated with immediate effects and higher DAC with sustained activity. Chitosan treatment increased extracellular ATP and ROS levels, and suppression of genes involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis and drug resistance. These findings suggest potential use of chitosan as an antimicrobial agent in dental materials for oral candidiasis prevention and treatment.

This bibliometric analysis is aimed at identifying and analyzing the articles on the dental applications of enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs). Data were obtained from the Web of Science and analyzed using the Bibliometrix program. Publications indexed in SCI-Expanded and ESCI under ‘Dentistry, Oral Surgery, and Medicine’ were included, while non-English and non-article/review types were excluded. A total of 854 articles were reviewed, focusing on: article performance, word analysis, co-citation, and thematic analysis. Data analysis showed a growing number of publications in this field over time. Sculean A emerged as the leading researcher, while the Journal of Clinical Periodontology was the most influential journal. Recent research trends primarily focused on periodontal regeneration. Finally, thematic analysis revealed two motor themes, four niche themes, two emerging/declining themes, and three basic theme clusters. This bibliometric analysis highlights the increasing interest and the emergence of new research trends in the field of EMDs in dentistry.

This study investigates the effect of the grams per square meter (GSM) of glass fiber woven cloth used as reinforcement on the flexural properties and color stability of glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) applied in computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorations. Two types of GFRPs were fabricated using glass fiber woven cloth with different GSM values (215 and 47 g/m²), which were impregnated with thermoplastic acrylic resin. The control group consisted of acrylic resin without reinforcement, as well as two types of commercially available CAD-CAM GFRPs with a thermosetting epoxy resin matrix. As a result, GFRPs impregnated with thermoplastic acrylic resin showed higher flexural properties than commercially available GFRPs, and a lower GSM provided improved flexural properties and color stability compared with specimens using a higher GSM.

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy, biocompatibility, and surface effects of a denture cleanser containing Reynoutria elliptica extract. The cleanser was prepared with extract concentrations of 0, 100, and 150 μg/mL combined with 1% coco betaine as a natural surfactant. Antimicrobial efficacy against Candida albicans was tested, along with evaluations of surface microhardness, roughness, color stability, and solubility of acrylic resin after immersion. Biocompatibility was assessed using an agar diffusion assay and cytotoxicity tests. Results showed that the denture cleanser exhibited significant antimicrobial activity without altering surface properties or causing cytotoxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of denture cleansers formulated with R. elliptica extract to preserve the structural integrity and aesthetics of denture base materials while providing effective antimicrobial protection. This study offers valuable insights for developing natural, biocompatible denture cleansers for safe and effective dental care.

Nutrients diffusion through barrier membranes used in guided bone regeneration is much theorized but few data are available so far. In this study, direct measurement of the water and solute permeability coefficients of five commercial barrier membranes was performed and the results were correlated with scanning electron microscopy findings. First the hydraulic permeability was addressed in short (3 h) and extended periods (3 weeks) assays, then the membranes were further investigated for diffusion of selected solutes (glucose and NaCl). The collagen membrane had the highest initial water permeability, 10 times greater than the polylactide one, and 500 times greater than the expanded-PTFE one, all of which decreased significantly over the 3-weeks test period, whereas dense-PTFE membranes were both found impermeable, the results being positively correlated with solute permeability coefficients and convergent with the SEM findings.

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is used as the washing solution, diluent, and stock solution to prepare decellularized bone. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of PBS alone on changes in bone structure and mechanical properties. This study examined the effects of prolonged PBS treatment (up to 14 days) on the bone matrix. Histological staining showed a reduction in cellular components (partial decellularization) after extended treatment, while collagen fibers were retained. Although PBS-treated bone showed remarkably decreased bone strength, the loss of inorganic materials was limited to the bone surface of the tibia. Collagen fibers in the PBS-treated bones showed marked irregularity and an increase in their diameter. These results suggest that prolonged PBS treatment affects the structure and network of collagen fibers, similar to inorganic materials, in the bone matrix. Our results provide basic insights into the preparation of functional decellularized bone for dental applications.

In this study, we constructed and validated deep learning models capable of predicting the osteogenic differentiation stages of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using only phase-contrast microscopy images. UE7T-13, an immortalized human MSC line, was cultured in osteoinductive medium. Phase-contrast microscopy images were acquired at D0, D1, D5, D10, and D14 of differentiation. Two deep learning models, ResNet-50 and DenseNet-121, were trained to perform multi-class classification of osteogenic differentiation stages. Model performance was evaluated using precision, sensitivity, F1 score, and overall accuracy. The overall accuracy of the ResNet-50 model was 0.700 and that of the DenseNet-121 model was 0.684. The highest F1 scores occurred at D5, which may reflect more distinctive morphological features during mid-stage differentiation. Our results suggest that deep learning has the potential to non-invasively identify osteogenic differentiation stages based on morphological features alone.

This study investigated the effects of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) coated on titanium surfaces on macrophage responses. The CNHs were electrodeposited on titanium discs to create a uniform coating with a thickness of 0.2–0.3 µm. Analysis of macrophages cultured on CNH-modified titanium (CNH/Ti) revealed decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6) and increased IL10 gene expression compared to unmodified titanium. Immunofluorescence analysis showed higher expression of the M2 marker CD206 and lower expression of the M1 marker CD86 on the CNH/Ti surfaces. Gene expression analysis indicated downregulation of genes involved in DNA transcription, repair, and replication, correlating with controlled cell proliferation on CNH/Ti. These findings demonstrate that CNH modification on titanium surfaces influences macrophage cytokine production and phenotype marker expression, suggesting its potential application in dental implant development.

This study was aimed to analyze the structural and chemical properties of scaffolds prepared using the bovine rib bone. The bovine rib bone was extracted and processed by water jet washing, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and freeze drying to obtain porous scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the scaffold was composed of interconnected trabeculae networks with an average pore diameter of 223 µm. The bulk density was determined to be 0.582 g/cm³, and the porosity was 70.3%. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the scaffold consisted of hydroxyapatite at a low crystallinity. It was further observed that the scaffold contained calcium and phosphate at a Ca/P ratio of 1.68, with a trace of proteins. When the scaffold was soaked in the phosphate buffered saline at 37°C, the weight of the scaffold decreased by 5.5% after 28 days. These results will provide a platform for subsequent processing to fabricate decellularized scaffolds.

This study aimed to determine the influence of air abrasion on the shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesives when using different abrasive powders. The AquaCare Twin served as the injection device. The prepared bovine dentin specimens were air- abraded with alumina particles or bioactive glass before applying the universal adhesive (All Bond Universal, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ER, or Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive). The resin composite-bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h before measuring the SBS. The roughness and free energy of the adherent surfaces were measured, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM/Energy dispersive X-ray analyses. Dentin pre-treatment and the adhesives used significantly affected the SBS values (p<0.001). Significant interactions were observed between pre-treatment conditions and the adhesive system (p<0.001). The bond strengths of universal adhesive depended on the surface properties of the dentin and the powder used.

The study evaluated the effects of postoperative bleaching with HP and CP on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of composite restorations using total-/self-etch protocols. Sixty incisors with Black V cavities were restored using a multimode adhesive in total-/self-etch mode and resin composite. Samples were divided into five groups: control, CP×2, CP×5, HP×2, HP×5. After bleaching, 1×1×8 mm composite blocks (n=10) were tested for μTBS, and failure types were assessed. Two samples per group were analyzed for nanoleakage via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni correction, and stepwise linear regression were applied. CP×5 and HP×5 groups exhibited significantly reduced μTBS compared to control, and the self-etch protocol resulted in lower values regardless of bleaching method. Regression analysis confirmed significant effects of adhesive (total-etch) and bleaching (CP×5, HP×5). A significant relationship was found between failure modes and bleaching methods for each adhesive protocol, with adhesive failures being the most frequent. SEM revealed nanoleakage in all groups.