The Influence of Rainfall on Mode Choice and Departure Time of Commuters: The Case of Ortigas CBD Workers

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This paper presents an analysis of how rainfall intensity influences the mode choice and departure time of CBD work-to-home commuters in Metro Manila, Philippines. After collection of data through a questionnaire survey, the analysis shows that heavy and intense rainfall significantly changes the fare, travel time, walk time, waiting time, reliability, comfort and safety of the modes servicing the CBD. The level of switching to other alternative public transport modes is at 17.67%, 39.33% and 44.67% during light rain, heavy rain and intense rain respectively. GrabCar/Uber gains the most patronage while FX/van loses the most as rainfall intensity increases. The need for a more comfortable mode is the most prominent attribute that affects the shifting in all rainfall conditions. In addition, 67% of commuters opt to leave the office at a different time than usual when there is heavy rain and this increases further to 72% during intense rains.