放送教育の特性について : 情報生産システムからの考察

抄録

Broadcasting has three phases; planning, production and transmitting. Educational broadcasting also has these three. Systems of educational broadcasting differ country by country. I categories them into four types. In some countries, educational administrations such as Ministry of Education, National Institute of Education, have responsibility on the planning of educational broadcasting. They make broadcasters produce and transmit educational programs. In other countries, govermental institutes of education own facilities for production of audio/visual materials. Educationists who belong to these institute set up a plan of educational broadcasting, write scripts and produce educational programs in their own studios. Taped programs are sent to a broadcasting station for transmitting. In the third system, the three phases are taken care of by three different organizations. An educational authority set up a basic plan for educational broadcasting, following the basic planprogramproduction companies produce video programs; then those programs are sent to a broadcasting station for transmitting. In these three systems, final responsibility of educational broadcasting is on the educationists, not on broadcasters. Japan's system is different from all these three. NHK, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is a main body which broadcasts educational programs in Japan. NHK plans by itself a basic policy of educational broadcasting and NHK's producers produce hundreds of educational programs in its own studios, and those programs are broadcast through NHK's transmitter all over Japan. The only thing the Ministry of Education and other educational authorities can do for educational broadcasting is giving advice to the NHK: NHK has the final decision making and responsibility. This system has the advantage of producing many high quality broadcast programs. However, it would face some dificulties in producing so-called multi-media educational packages, because they are not broadcast programs. Today many Japanese experts of educational broadcasting are working in developing to help producing good educational programs. For this purpose, it is important to understand different systems of other. countries.