家族の外的構造に対応する内的構造の研究

家族類型による育児上の差

抄録

This aims to clarify the relations between the inner and outer structures of rural families in the phase of child rearing. The outer structures of families mean the family types such as nuclear families and extended families, and the inner structures are allotments of powers, feelings and roles among the family members.
Method: This survey was taken at an agricultural district in Kawagoe, Saitama prefecture in 1958. 200 mothers were interviewed, who were engaged in agriculture and who had their children from one to four years old.
Results: 1. In order to analyse the attitudes of child rearing, four categories were used, that is, “strict”, “over-protective”, “reflective” and “laissez-faire” attitude mothers of nuclear families were more “overprotective” and “laissez-faire” attitudes than those of extended families. Mothers of extended familes recognized that the attitudes of grandfathers or grandmothers were very “over-protective.” They evaluated their husbands as “laissez-faire” and themselves as “strict”. Very few grandfathers, grandmothers, faters and mothers themselves were regrded as “reflective.”
2. In nuclear families the role-takers of child rearing were mothers, but in extended families were grandfathers. The mothers of extended families played a part of farming labourers. The role-takers of homemaking were mothers in nuclear families. On the contrary, grandmothers took this roles and mothers cooked every day in extended families.
3. The information sources concerning the knowledge of child rearing were from their common sense in nuclear families, and from grandmothers in extended families. So scientific child rearing methods must be taught to those mothers and grandmothers.