団地家族

大阪府枚方市香里団地の調査から

抄録

We have made since 1964 surveys on children and their mothers in Kohri New Town, Hirakata city situated in north-east part of Osaka Prefecture, in comparison with neighboring rural community and some control areas in Osaka city. This report aims at introducing summary of some parts of our research results which are concerning the basic characteristics of families living in Kohri New-Town. We have experienced rapid social change, above all in industrial structure, population mobility to urban areas and new- ways of life, since the close of World War II. While working population in the fields of primary industry has gradually decreased, population working in the second and tertiary indusries have rapidly increased. Many new-towns (which means newly constructed area composed of big modern apartments) have appeared to meet the needs for housing from families whose members found their jobs in cities, due to structual change of industries. Families living in New-Town are supposed to have symbolic characteristics of modern ways of life. The significance of the study on New-Town is in making clear some symbolic characteristics of social change in the present Japan.
Summary of my report is as follows:
Summary of my report is as follows:
1) New-Town families have much more homogenities in family-structure, age distribution of members, occupation and educational background of husbands and wives, level of consumption and annual activities in family calender, than families in control areas. Namely, in New-Town, we can find higher percentage of nuclear families with two children, smaller range of age distribution with younger parents in average, much higher eduicational attainments of husband and wife, and higher percentage of professional job.
2) Families of New-Town have fewer kinships and deep personal contacts with their neighbours within the school district. So, we can say, social relations in communities are categorized into three types. First, inrural type, contacts are broad and deep; second, in urban type, contacts are narrow and impersonal ; but third, in New-Town type, contacts are broad and impersonal.
3) Families in New-Town have much newer accommodations for modern way of living.
4) Annual activities on family calender in New-Town are concentrated around the mutual enjoyment and celebration of present family members, cut off from community activities and traditional festivals, some of which are concerning ceremonies for their ancestors.
5) In New-Town, the role expectation to husband from wives are highest, but real role-taking by husbands is at the same level as control groups.