家族における子どもの社会化に関する一考察

ベールズの相互作用分析による親子関係の分析

抄録

The purpose of this study is to clarify the child socialization processin the family. We intend to analyze the tendencies of parent-childinteraction in terms of child development, and then to verify the theoreticalmodel of child socialization process presented by Talcott Parsons.
Survey procedure: A picture-questionnaire was devised in which parentchildinteraction situations were shown. Subjects were asked, “If you (or your parent) were this person, how do you (or your parent) say tothis child?” The questionnaires were given to about 2000 sets of father, mother and child (635 children in the second grade, 562 in the fourthgrade, 521 in the sixth grade of primary school and their parents, and543 parents, who had children in kindergarten).
Results: All the responses were analyzed by the rules of the Bales'interaction process analysis. The results were as follows.
1) Parent-child interaction showed the developmental pattern; that is, in terms of child development, the interaction pattern tended to changefrom a relative emphasis on the problem of “controll” to the relativeemphasis on the problem of “orientation”. The relative frequenciesof both “negative reactions” and “positive reactions” tended to decrease.This tendency of phase movement seems negative to that ofproblem solving group observed by Bales and Strodbeck. We mightsay, however, this results verified the theoretical model of TalcottParsons' socialization process.2) Considerable descrepancies were found between parents' attitudes andchildren's perceptions about them.
3) Father took relativelly more “instrumental” attitudes toward his childthan mother, whereas mother took more “expressive” attitudes thanfather. On the contrary, child perceived that father takes more “expressive” attitudes and mother takes more “instrumental” attitudes.