issue に基づいてEUと加盟国の政策を分析する手法の可能性

電気通信分野における共通政策と加盟国の政策との関係

抄録

This article touches on the relationship between policy of the EU and that of the member state. There is a research area of “Europeanization” as one of preceding researches analyzing relations between the EU and the member states. In this research area, some scholars who study domestic impact of Europeanization often use the integrated approach used within the International Relations study and the Comparative Politics. This approach should be welcomed, because the EU is not treated as a research object sui generis, but more general one by using the approach.
However, there are some problems to be solved in the arguments that preceding researches have developed. Firstly, it remains to be unsolved whether independent/dependent variables can be set up clearly in analyzing the relations between the EU and the member states. Secondly, the word “Europeanization” is broad and what “Europeanization” means depends on time and issues. So, in this article, policies of the EU and the member states are analyzed by focusing on the issue in case of telecommunications sector.
As for the telecommunications sector, telegraph and telephone were exclusively controlled and managed by the state. However, in the 1970s and the 1980s, telecommunications sector was internationalized due to the technological innovation related to the electric communication, and it became possible to provide new services. New and strategic services had emerged from the PTT sector which was originally controlled by the states, so each member state had to tackle with both new service area and traditional ones such as telegraph, voice telephony, and network infrastructures.
From the latter half of the 1980s until 1992, the EC did have discretion to make policies only related to new service sectors. Member states had discretion in the area of voice telephony, network infrastructures. As far as policies that were suggested by the EC level concerned the actors engaged in the PTT sector in the member states, member states approved and enforced the policy of the EC. It was after 1992 that EC started to liberalize the traditional service areas related to telephone and infrastructure. Member states agreed to the EC's plan because they came to notice that they had to reform traditional service sector to develop new service sector. However, this did not show that all of the actors in the member states agree with the reforms. Member states faced difficulty to implement the reforms due to the resistance of the domestic actors, especially labor unions that had many privileges in the traditional service sector.
The research agenda that tries to apply the knowledge of the EU to the general considerations can contribute to the various arguments we can see today, because such considerations will give us some frameworks to analyze the relationship between international organization/institution and its members. It is urgent necessary for us who are studying the EU from the outside to provide a framework so that we can use the findings from the EU for the general considerations. The approach used in this paper will be a help.