フランス・アイデンティティーの危機
フランス社会モデルと欧州統合とをめぐって
2007 年 2007 巻 27 号 p. 29-54,325
詳細
2007 年 2007 巻 27 号 p. 29-54,325
After World War II, France defined the deepening and widening of European integration as its external identity and the establishment of “le modèle sociale français” as its internal one. But three political and social incidents that occurred consecutively during less than one year beginning in early summer 2005 have seriously damaged these two French identities.
First, at the end of May 2005, the treaty of European Union could not finally be ratified when it was rejected in a French referendum by an unexpected massive “no” vote of 55 percent. Analyst of the “no” vote revealed that the opposition intended to defend at all cost “le modèle sociale français”, which means an isolationist declaration of shutting France off in its internal identity by abandoning its external one.
Second, in late autumn 2005, violence exploded in the cities when immigrant youths in 200 suburbs throughout the country rioted during three weeks without any crying at all against the social model and more than ten thousands cars were burned. This desperate spasm flings the defeat of the republican integration model which forms one of fundamental pillars of “le modèle sociale français”.
Third, in spring 2006, a new employment contract called CPE (Contrat Premier Embauch) for youth was announced, but it was dramatically derailed by massive demonstrations of students and furious insurgencies of immigrant youths. This event means the total defeat of “le modèle sociale français”. L'ESPRIT, the French opinion magazine of the Catholic left, described a chain of incidents as “the French September 11”. The French people seriously suffer from identity crises in this “French September 11”.
Given the above, why has “le modèle sociale français” so clearly collapsed? How do these crises relate to an isolationist declaration proclaiming defense of “le modèle sociale” at all cost? What are the impacts on European future enlargement? I will clarify questions about the French social security system and its employment policies, focusing on unaccountable behaviors of statesmen as well as “les interectuells républicains” or “les élites éclairées”.
